30/05/2025
Verification and nuclear non-proliferation are closely linked fields, aimed at preventing the spread of nuclear weapons and ensuring that nuclear energy is used for peaceful purposes. Verification, notably by the International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA), plays a crucial role in monitoring national nuclear programs and confirming their compliance with non-proliferation obligations, such as those of the Treaty on the Non-Proliferation of Nuclear Weapons (NPT).
The Treaty on the Non-Proliferation of Nuclear Weapons (NPT)
Objectives:
The NPT aims to prevent the proliferation of nuclear weapons, promote cooperation in the peaceful uses of nuclear energy and support the goal of nuclear disarmament.
Role of the IAEA:
The IAEA plays a key role in verifying states' compliance with NPT obligations, using safeguards to verify that nuclear materials and facilities are not diverted to nuclear weapons.
Verification mechanisms:
IAEA safeguards include inspections, nuclear inventory declarations and the use of surveillance technologies, notably to detect the detour of materials.
Limitations:
Verification mechanisms, while effective, cannot guarantee 100% prevention of proliferation, as there are risks of hidden nuclear programs.