19/11/2016
Break-Even Analysis? Vs Cash flow simplified & what is significant
A break-even analysis is the sales level that is required for your business to operate without incurring a financial loss. It is important to determine this point, as the viability of your business is reliant on staying above this number.
A break-even analysis is used to determine the point at which your business can operate without incurring a loss.
A Sample Break-Even Analysis
Let’s take a look at Sena’s Candle Store, a retail hut that sells candles. Sena buys his Candles from the manufacturer for LKR 10 and sells them for LKR 20, making a gross profit of LKR 10 on each Candle.
Gross Profit Formula
Sales Price / Cost of Goods Sold = Gross Profit
LKR 20 / LKR 10 = LKR10 per Candle
Gross profit is the profit he makes after subtracting the costs of the item that he is selling, excluding general expenses of running the business. So, in Sena’s case, the direct cost is the LKR 10 he pays per candle to the manufacturer. The indirect costs or overhead costs would be the costs of running the store. So, his direct cost of buying the candles will fluctuate based on how many candles he sells, whereas his indirect costs will remain fixed.
Sena is the only employee and pays himself no salary. Sena figures he doesn’t need to advertise because his retail hut is located across the street in a busy town. Sena’s only expense is his rent of LKR 2,000 per month, which also includes the electricity to power the one light bulb in his hut. Sena only takes cash for sales.
Sena determines his break-even cost by starting with his fixed cost of LKR 2,000 per month. Then he divides that by the gross profit of LKR 10 that he makes on the sale of each candle. So, his break-even in terms of unit sales is LKR 2,000 divided by LKR 10, or 200 candles per month.
Break-Even Formula
Fixed Cost / Gross Profit per Unit = Break-Even in Units
LKR 2,000 / LKR 10 = 200 Units (Candles)
Since break-even is often thought of in terms of units of items sold, his sales break-even would be 200 candles. He could also think of his break-even in terms of total sales: 200 candles multiplied by LKR 20, which would be LKR 4,000.
Break-Even Formula in Sales
(Fixed Cost / Gross Profit per Unit) x Sales Price per Unit =
Break Even Sales
(LKR 2,000 / LKR 10) x (LKR 20) = LKR 4,000
If Senas’s sales are fewer than 200 Candles (or LKR 4,000) per month, he is losing money—he would lose LKR 10 for every Candle sold. But, if his sales are greater than LKR 4,000 per month, he is making a profit—LKR 10 for every 200+ candle that he sells each month.
Reality Check for Your Business
A break-even analysis helps you determine whether your overhead is realistic or needs to be reduced. Maybe for Sena’s candle Store it is impossible to sell more than 190 candles in a month. If that is the case, then the fixed cost of LKR 2,000 per month is too high for his business model and Sena needs to make some changes—negotiate a lower rent, add an additional product line, or move to a new place.
What does cash flow have to do with a break-even analysis?
Note that this break-even analysis has nothing to do with cash flow. Let’s say Sena buys 300 candles every single month, generating LKR 6,000 in sales (300 x LKR 20), LKR 3,000 in gross profit (300 x LKR 10), and LKR 1,000 in pretax profit (LKR 3,000 – LKR 2,000 fixed costs). However, one month the manufacturer offers Sena a deal: if he buys 2,000 candles at once, he will get a special price of LKR 9 each. The manufacturer will also give Sena 60 days to pay the bill.
To Sena, being a simple guy, this sounds like a great idea. By buying candles at just LKR 9 each his gross profit on each candle jumps 10 percent to LKR 11 (LKR 20 minus LKR 9 cost). Furthermore, his break-even is reduced in unit terms to (2,000/11, or 182). Sena is excited and can’t wait for his higher level of profits to roll in!
For the next couple of months, Sena continues to sell 300 candles per month. He feels great about his lower costs, and that he is making a much higher profit. With his sales of LKR 6,000 (300 x LKR 20), his gross profit is now LKR 3,300 (300 x LKR 11), and his net profit is LKR 1,300 (LKR 3,300 less LKR 2,000 fixed costs). So, while his gross profit on each sale has increased 10 percent, his net income each month after fixed expenses has surged 30 percent!
However, in 60 days, Sena has a problem. The bill for the 2,000 candles is due and he doesn’t have enough money to pay for it. He still has lots of extra candles, but it will be many months until his business sells them to satisfy demand.
Unless Sam can quickly sell the umbrellas, or get a loan, or dip into his savings, he will have to default on the payment for the large candle order.