04/05/2026
Ever thought about how safe is blood and products transfused to patients in Hospitals? Hang on for a multi-layered safety chain from the Donor to Recipient.
The laboratory's primary role is to act as the critical checkpoint, ensuring that only blood which is both disease-free and immunologically compatible reaches the patient.
Before blood is even drawn, the process begins with a strict donor questionnaire and physical exam to exclude high-risk behaviors or medical conditions.
Once blood reaches the MBTS lab, it undergoes mandatory serological testing for Transfusion Transmissible Infections (TTIs) . The lab screens every unit specifically for HIV, Hepatitis B, Hepatitis C, and Syphilis using standardized reagents and equipment to prevent window-period transmissions.
Then the lab verifies the donor's ABO blood group and RhD factor . To further reduce the risk of adverse reactions, particularly relevant, given the sensitization risks in patients requiring multiple transfusions (e.g., for malaria or pregnancy complications), advanced technology (such as the NEO Iris machine) is utilized to automate blood typing and screen for unexpected red cell antibodies.
After testing, the lab processes whole blood into specific components (Red Cell Suspensions, Plasma, Platelets, e.t.c). This ensures the patient receives only the specific product needed, avoiding transfusion of unnecessary components that could cause circulatory overload or allergic reactions.
Although the lab ensures the blood is safe, the process concludes at the hospital lab. Before transfusion, a crossmatch is performed by mixing donor cells with the patient’s serum to confirm physical compatibility. In emergencies, O-negative blood may be issued, but compatibility must be verified during the transfusion process.
Now, imagine, what would happen in absence of the Medical Laboratory? You are right, the whole Healthcare System would crumble!
To all Medical Laboratory Professionals, receive your FLOWERS while still ALIVE.
African Society for Laboratory Medicine Medical Laboratory Scientist - MLS
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