31/12/2016
Topic: How to Start a Poultry Farming Egg
porduction in Nigeria ,
How to Start a Poultry Farming Egg porduction
in Nigeria
The housing and management of layer hens can
be carried out using one of two methods, caged
layer production or floor production. Use of either
method can keep the hens in production
throughout the year if proper environmental and
nutritional needs are met.
The poultry house should be located away from
other farm structures. The ground should allow
good water drainage. Adequate light fixtures are
needed to provide proper light intensity. Adequate
light is present if the water and feed levels in the
troughs can be seen after allowing enough time
for your eyes to adjust to the dim lighting. Fresh,
clean water should be available at all times.
The house should allow for plenty of ventilation
and sunlight. Place 1 inch, poultry wire netting over
all openings to separate the hens from other birds
and animals, both wild and domestic. Removable
curtains or doors are recommended so the
openings can be opened or closed as the weather
changes. Keep the house dry and comfortable by
ventilating from all sides in the summer and
closing most openings in winter.
The caged layer production method consists of
placing the hens in wire cages with feed and water
being provided to each cage. The birds are housed
at a capacity of two to three hens in each cage,
which measures approximately 12"x16"18". The
cages are arranged in rows which are placed on
leg supports or suspended from the ceiling so the
floors of the cages are about 2 to 3 feet above the
ground. Water is supplied by individual cup
waterers or a long trough outside the cages that
extends the length of the row of cages. The feed
trough is also located outside the cages and runs
parallel to the water trough on the opposite side
of each cage. The cages are designed so the eggs
will roll out of the cage to a holding area by means
of a slanted wire floor. This method of housing is
used primarily with egg-type layers kept for infertile
egg production.
The floor production method is designed for either
egg-type or broiler-type birds kept for fertile or
infertile eggs. In commercial flocks this method is
used when fertile eggs for hatching are needed.
The birds are maintained in the house on a litter
covered floor, giving the term floor production.
One nest 14 inches wide, 12 inches high, and 16
inches deep is needed for each four hens. A mash
hopper 5 feet long and open on both sides is
adequate for 25 hens. Three 3-gallon pans provide
adequate watering space for 30 hens. Clean, scrub
and disinfect the house and equipment
thoroughly before placing the pullets in the laying
house after it has dried. Put 3 inches of litter
material in the nests and 4 to 6 inches of litter on
the floor.
Regardless of which production method is used,
the 22-week old pullets should be given an
increasing daily light schedule after being placed in
the laying house. The length of daily light should
be increased 15 minutes each week after the birds
enter the laying house. The increased light will
stimulate egg production and help maintain
production throughout the year. The day length
increases should continue until the birds are
receiving 16-18 hours of light each day. The day
length should remain the same for the rest of the
laying period. After the birds begin to produce
eggs, the total duration of light, including both
natural and artificial, should not be reduced.
The birds should be fed a nutritionally balanced
commercial laying mash containing 16 percent
protein. Use a special breeder ration if the eggs
are being saved for hatching purposes. These
breeder diets contain higher levels of vitamins that
help produce higher hatchability and healthier
chicks. Poultry older than 16-18 weeks do not
require a ration containing a coccidiostat unless a
coccidiosis outbreak occurs. If a commercially
produced layer ration is provided, additional
oyster shell, grit or grain is not needed.
Broodiness is often a problem in floor production
housing. It is characterized by a hen wanting to
build a permanent nest and begin "setting." The
problem can be solved by removing the hen from
the flock and placing her in a wire-floored cage for
3 to 4 days. Ample feed and water should be
supplied to the affected hen. The hen can then
usually be returned to the flock with no further
problem. The treatment can be repeated if the hen
continues to be broody.
Our guide will run you through questions you
need to consider before construction of your farm
pond begins. It will also give you a basic idea on
what to expect when operating and managing
your production business.
Going into poultry production for the purpose of
egg production means you intend to raise laying
hen. They could be from Day-old-chicks (DOC), or
stock as Point-of-Lay(POL) birds. Layers can be
reared on Deep litter system or Battery Cage
system. Caged birds need more capital but the
merits include; easy of management, cleaner eggs,
safety from breakages, minimal feed wastage,
reduced water contamination and maximized
space. A unit of cage from my company with the
capacity of 120 birds cost N90, 000. Beginners with
limited resources could start with deep litter
system. It is affordable, litter material are readily
available. The major requirements are conducive
housing and more intense management of the
water, feed and litters. The roof in all cases should
be heat repealing, made from asbestos, thatch etc.
Vent, created to let out heat, wall should be less
than two feet high, 'curtain' from sacks or
tarpaulin provided to prevent entrance of rain
water to prevent incidences of coccidiosis and
other enteric diseases. Beginners should minimise
the cost of poultry house construction and utilise
local materials as equipments so that the limited
resources could be channel into productive
running cost such as DOC or POL and feed.
Beginners could start with POL, these are birds in
their fourteen to twenty weeks of Age,(birds often
start dropping their first egg from 22weeks to
24weeks of age). Advantage of acquiring Point Of
Lay birds is the reduced risk. Prices of POL at press
time ranges from N750 to N950/bird. In budgeting
for feeding, a bag cost about N2,200 today and
4bags could feed 1000birds per days. Let me open
your understanding to how profitable egg
production could be under proper
1000 layers Will produce 28 creates daily
Feed consumption The aim should be a daily
consumption of 120g feed per hen a day.
120kg of feed daily= 4bags , 200= N8, 800 to
produce 28 creates daily
28 creates x N500 per crate = N14, 000 profit – N8,
800 daily feed consumption =N5, 200
54 to 72weeks of lay, the spent layers would be
sold for nearly the equivalent amount with which
the POL is purchased. You can see that egg
production is terrifically profiting.
This however is copied from a friend's page. I love the article and am posting it here. I will like to mention however that I will write an updated article on this and post later.