09/06/2026
The Following
DEMOCRACY WITHOUT CITIZENS IS DEMOCRACY WITHOUT DIVIDENDS
Analysis by Community Agenda for Peace | 5th June 2026
The Hard Truth After 27 Years
After 27 years of uninterrupted democratic rule, Nigeria must confront a brutal fact: we have practiced democracy without citizens.
We have held elections without inclusion. Passed budgets without oversight. Announced policies without feedback. And now we wonder why insecurity rises, poverty deepens, and trust collapses.
Democracy without citizens is just elite rotation. It produces governors, but not governance. It produces laws, but not order. It produces elections, but not dividends.
1. Where Are the Citizens in Our Democracy?
Look at the evidence:
A. In Security: ₦300bn is spent yearly as “security votes” across 36 states and 774 LGAs. Yet 3.4 million Nigerians are displaced and 3,620 were kidnapped in Q1 2026 alone. Why? Because security is planned in Government Houses, not in town halls. Citizens don’t co-sign how the money is spent, so it doesn’t buy their safety.
B. In Budgeting: Only 11 states publish full details of their budgets online. LGA allocations disappear between Abuja and the council secretariat. Citizens cannot track what was promised versus what was delivered. A democracy where people can’t follow the money will never deliver roads, schools, or hospitals.
C. In Elections: INEC reports 93 million registered voters. But 2023 turnout was 27%. 73% of citizens stayed home. Not because they love military rule, but because they believe their vote won’t change their clinic, their school fees, or whether bandits tax their village.
D. In Policy: Fuel subsidy was removed. Naira was floated. Cashless policy was enforced. All necessary reforms. All done _to_ citizens, not _with_ citizens. No town halls. No feedback loops. No social safety nets ready. The result is reform fatigue and mass anger.
2. The Cost of Exclusion: No Dividends, Only Disasters
A democracy that excludes citizens pays for it in three currencies:
A. Insecurity: When citizens don’t trust police, they don’t give intel. When youth don’t see government jobs, banditry becomes employment. Democracy without citizens creates the vacuum that non-state actors govern.
B. Illegitimacy: When 27 years of voting doesn’t stop abductions in Kuriga or floods in Bayelsa, people stop believing in the system. That is how coups become popular in the Sahel. That is how separatist agitation finds oxygen here.
C. Waste: World Bank says Nigeria loses 40% of project value to poor citizen engagement. Roads without drainage. Hospitals without drugs. Boreholes without water. Projects done for people, not by people, fail.
3. The CAP Principle: Citizens Are the Dividend
Community Agenda for Peace holds one position: The only way to get dividends from democracy is to put citizens back inside it
Dividends are not gifts from politicians. Dividends are returns on citizen investment. Investment of time, taxes, trust, and oversight.
4. It Is Time for Citizens to Begin Oversighting Policing and Security
This is the missing link. Peace has remained fragile because the people who suffer insecurity have no institutional role in managing security.
Therefore, CAP declares: The era of blind security votes is over. The era of Citizens Oversighting Policing and Security (COPS) begins now.
And in this case most especially, citizens must oversight the Security Votes of elected and appointed public office holders.
For 27 years, governors, LGA chairs, and security chiefs have collected and spent billions in security votes with zero public accounting. Yet communities buy their own vigilante guns. Villages pay bandit levies. DPOs say “no fuel to respond."
That contradiction ends when citizens watch the watchmen.
What Oversighting Security Votes Means:
1. Monthly Public Disclosure: Every LGA Chair and Governor must publish what was received and spent from the security vote. Line by line.
2. 20% Citizen Sign-Off: No security contract, no procurement, no cash release from the vote without written approval from a Community Security Oversight Committee of CSOs, traditional rulers, and youth leaders.
3. Complaint-to-Cash Link: If your DPO resolved 42 cases last month, his station gets operational funds. If he resolved 4, citizens ask why before more money drops. .
You cannot spend public money to secure the public and hide the spending from the public. That is not democracy. That is a racket.
5. How We Return Citizens to Democracy
A. Mandate Oversight, Not Applause
Every LGA must adopt a *Citizens Security Oversight Charter*. Monthly Community-Police Review Meetings. Public dashboards tracking complaints resolved, projects delivered, security votes spent. If citizens see the books, they will defend the system.
B. Budget From the Street Up
Before any state budget is passed, it must have signed inputs from ward-level town halls. Let traders in Onitsha Main Market say where the next drainage should go. Let farmers in Ayamelum vote on which feeder road opens first. That is how you get ownership.
C. Tie Elections to Service Delivery
INEC and NOA should publish a “Dividend Scorecard” 6 months before every election: How many boreholes worked? How many DPOs scored above 60% by citizens? How many security votes were publicly accounted for? Let 2027 be contested on delivery, not defection.
D. Pay Citizens to Participate
ASWRA proved it: When you pay waste pickers, they clean the city. When you pay youth monitors to oversee security projects, contractors don’t abandon police posts. Democracy needs a stipend. Civic duty must have dignity.
6. The Choice Before 2027
Nigeria’s political class is already campaigning for 2027. But citizens are asking a different question: _“What did 1999 to 2026 deliver for my village?”_
If the answer remains “policies announced,” then 2027 will be another elite rotation. Turnout will drop again. Fragility will deepen.
But if governments start measuring success by visible outcomes co-signed by citizens — a police station that responds, a budget that builds, a security vote that is accounted for — then democracy will finally pay dividends.
Closing: The New Social Contract
The contract of 1999 was “we vote, you rule.” That contract is broken.
The new contract must be: “we oversee, you deliver.”
Democracy without citizens is a stadium without spectators. The game goes on, but it means nothing.
Community Agenda for Peace calls on President Tinubu, all 36 Governors, and LGA Chairs: _Bring citizens into the room before 2027. Start with your security votes. Or risk holding an election to govern a country that no longer believes in you._
Because in the end, democracy without citizens is democracy without dividends. And democracy without dividends will not survive.
Community Agenda for Peace (CAP) drives solutions journalism and civic oversight across Nigeria. Join