Rock and Minerals Associates

03/11/2023

Preventing rock falls during mucking, is crucial for the safety of workers and the efficient progress of mining operations. Here are some measures to prevent rock falls:

1. **Regular Inspections:** Before starting the mucking operation, thoroughly inspect the area, the roof, and the walls for loose rocks, unstable ground, or signs of potential rock falls. Ensure that the ground is safe for loader operation.

2. **Bolting and Meshing:** In areas prone to rock falls, install rock bolts and mesh to provide structural support to the roof and walls. This reinforcement can prevent rocks from falling.

3. **Ground Support Systems:** Utilize ground support systems such as shotcrete or resin to secure the ground. These systems can be used to seal and stabilize the surfaces to minimize rock fall risks.

4. **Proper Loader Operation:** Ensure that the loader is operated safely and that the bucket or scoop is not raised too high, which can dislodge rocks from the roof. Operate the loader with care to avoid unnecessary vibrations that could trigger rock falls.

5. **Training:** Ensure that all operators and workers are trained in safety procedures and understand the risks associated with rock falls.

02/07/2023

16/06/2023

https://fb.watch/lc5O1nwcfQ/?mibextid=irwG9G&startTimeMs=7923

02/06/2023

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24/03/2021

In Situ formation of coal.

13/03/2019

DIFFERENT BETWEEN IGNEOUS, SEDIMENTARY AND METAMORPHIC ROCKS

Igneous, Sedimentary vs. Metamorphic Rocks: The main difference between Igneous, Sedimentary and Metamorphic rocks is the way that they are formed, and their various textures.
Igneous Rocks: Igneous rocks are formed when magma (or molten rocks) cool down, and become solid. High temperatures inside the crust of the Earth cause rocks to melt, and this substance is known as magma. Magma is the molten material that erupts during a volcano. This substance cools down slowly, and causes mineralization to take place. Gradually, the size of the minerals increases until they are large enough to be visible to the naked eye.
Igneous rocks are mostly formed beneath the Earth’s surface.The texture of Igneous rocks can be referred to as Phaneritic, Aphaneritic, Glassy (or vitreous), Pyroclastic or Pegmatitic. Examples of Igneous Rocks include granite, basalt and diorite.
Sedimentary Rocks: The Earth’s material is constantly exposed to erosion and weathering, and the resulting accumulated loose particles eventually settle, and form Sedimentary rocks. Therefore, one can say, that these types of rocks are formed slowly from the sediments, dust and dirt of other rocks. Erosion takes place due to wind and water. After thousands of years, the eroded pieces of sand and rock settle, and become compacted to form a rock of their own.
Sedimentary rocks range from small clay-size rocks to huge boulder-size rocks. The textures of Sedimentary rocks are mainly dependent on the parameters of the clast, or the fragments of the original rock. These parameters can be of various types, such as surface texture, round, spherical or in the form of grain. The most common type of Sedimentary rock is the Conglomerate, which is caused by the accumulation of small pebbles and cobbles. Other types include shale, sandstone and limestone, which are formed from clastic rocks and the deposition of fossils and minerals.
Metamorphic Rocks: Metamorphic rocks are the result of the transformation of other rocks. Rocks that are subjected to intense heat and pressure change their original shape and form, and become metamorphic rocks. This change in shape is referred to as metamorphism. These rocks are commonly formed by the partial melting of minerals, and re-crystallization. Gneiss is a commonly found metamorphic rock, and it is formed by high pressure, and the partial melting of the minerals contained in the original rock.
Metamorphic rocks have textures like slaty, schistose, gneissose, granoblastic or hornfelsic. Examples of these types of rocks include slate, gneiss, marble, and quartzite, which occur when re-crystallization changes the shape and form of an original rock formation.

# Rock and Mineral