15/04/2023
Stinging nettle (شینا زبان میں جامی یا جومی کہا جاتا ہے ۔ )
اردو میں بچھو بوٹی کیا جاتا ہے گلگت بلتستان میں کوئی ایسی جگہ نہیں جہاں یہ نہیں پائی جاتی ہو۔ یہ تو ہر جگہ ہے البتہ ہمیں اس کے فوائد کے بارے میں کچھ نہیں معلوم ۔
اج اس کے بارے میں لکھی گئی اور کی گئی ریسرچ اپ سے شیئر کرتے ہیں تاکہ ہمیں بھی کچھ تو معلوم ہو دنیا ریسرچ کرتی ہے اور ہم۔صرف گمان کرتے ہیں۔
زرعی ماہرین سے مؤدبانہ گزارش ہے اس پر زرا غور کریں اور پڑھ لیں کیونکہ اس کو بطور دوا استعمال کیا جاسکتا ہے پیسٹ منجمنٹ کے لیے۔
https://www.sciencedirect.com/.../pii/S2405844022010052
Gm Saqib
Agriculture, Livestock & Fisheries Department Gilgit-Baltistan
Gilgit-Baltistan Rural Support Programme
Forest Forestwildlife Deptt GB
Shabbir Mir Shina
Ijlal Hussain
Sherwali Khan
Stinging nettle (Urtica dioica L.) is a wild herbaceous perennial blooming plant that is commonly known as stinging nettle. It’s a common, multi-purpose crop that’s sometimes overlooked. Europe, Asia, North Africa, and North America are all home to stinging nettle. It is a plant that’s edible and has nutritional and medicinal properties. Young leaves can be used to make curries, herb soups, and sour soups. The root of the stinging nettle is used to treat mictional difficulties associated with benign prostatic hyperplasia, while the leaves are used to treat arthritis, rheumatism, and allergic rhinitis. Its leaves are abundant in fiber, minerals,vitamins,and antioxidant compounds like polyphenols and carotenoids, as well as antioxidant compounds like polyphenols and carotenoids. Stinging nettle has antiproliferative, anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, analgesic, anti-infectious, hypotensive, and antiulcer characteristics, as well as the ability to prevent cardiovascular disease, in all parts of the plant (leaves, stems, roots, and seeds). Stinging nettle improves fish reproductive performance, making it a cost-effective aquaculture plant. Fertilizer and insecticides can be made from the plants.
Nettle tea has a number of health benefits, including reducing skin irritation and alleviating allergy symptoms. In Nepal, stinging nettle is used in IPM (Integrated Pest Management) to keep pests including cabbage butterfly larvae, hairy caterpillars, cutworms, red ants, termites, and aphids at bay (Sapkota and Shrestha, 2018). The chemical compounds in stinging nettle have a variety of health benefits for women.
Because of its astringent characteristics, it can relieve unpleasant premenstrual symptoms including cramping and bloating, as well as reduce blood flow during menstruation. Stinging nettle can ease the transition and act as a restorative for women going through menopause, lowering the intensity of the hormonal shift in the body. Acting as a coagulant, stinging nettle can help prevent excessive bleeding. It will also help increase milk production and make Stinging nettle (Urtica dioica L.) is a wild herbaceous perennial blooming plant that is commonly known as stinging nettle. It’s a common, multi-purpose crop that’s sometimes overlooked. Europe, Asia, North Africa, and North America are all home to stinging nettle. It is a plant that’s edible and has nutritional and medicinal properties. Young leaves can be used to make curries, herb soups, and sour soups. The root of the stinging nettle is used to treat mictional difficulties associated with benign prostatic hyperplasia, while the leaves are used to treat arthritis, rheumatism, and allergic rhinitis. Its leaves are abundant in fiber, minerals, vitamins,antioxidant compounds like polyphenols and carotenoids, as well as antioxidant compounds like polyphenols and carotenoids. Stinging nettle has antiproliferative, anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, analgesic, anti-infectious, hypotensive, and antiulcer characteristics, as well as the ability to prevent cardiovascular disease, in all parts of the plant (leaves, stems, roots, and seeds). Stinging nettle improves fish reproductive performance, making it a cost-effective aquacultural.
The Stinging nettle (Urtica dioica L.) has been used as a wild vegetable for centuries (di Tizio et al., 2012; Uprety et al., 2012). It is a perennial herbaceous plant with spiny leaves, belonging to the nettle family (Urticaceae). While stinging nettle can be found almost anywhere, it is most common in Europe, North America, North Africa, and parts of Asia. It can be found in the wild in the hills and mountains of Nepal. Nepali edible names includes nettle Sisnu, Sishnu, Lekali sishnu, Thulo sishnu, Ghario sishnu, Bhangre sishnu or Patle sishnu. The plant is widely cooked in areas where vegetables are scarce. The use of stinging nettle slurry as a fertilizer in organic farming for horticultural crops is becoming more common in Spain, according to many ethnobotanical studies (Benitez Cruz et al., 2009). Nettle has been used as a natural remedy for its healing properties for over 2000 years. However, it was not until the turn of the century that its medicinal potential was fully appreciated, beginning with the identification of the chemical structure and pharmacological qualities of the principal chemically active compounds (Said et al., 2015). For almost a century, they have been considered a food or portion of food that has therapeutic properties and is supposed to prevent and treat diseases (Pant, 2019). Young leaves are a nutritious potherb that can be cooked and eaten, as well as utilized in herbal therapy (Singh and Kali, 2019). Some of the chemicals discovered in this plant include lignan, secolignan, norlignan,alkaloid, sesquiterpenoid, flavonoid, triterpenoid, sphingolipid, and sterol (Abdeltawab et al., 2012; Wang and Pantopoulos, 2011). Formic acid, acetyl choline, serotonin, and histamine are thought to be present in the trichomes of the nettle (Singh and Kali, 2019). Some of its qualities include anti-proliferative, anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, analgesic, immunological stimulatory, anti-infectious, hypotensive, anti-ulcer, and cardiovascular disease prevention (Said et al., 2015). Stinging nettle is also used as a source of bast fibers for textiles and is occasionally used in cosmetics (Das and Petruzzello, 2015). Commercially, the plants are used to extract chlorophyll, a green coloring ingredient (E140) that is utilized in foods and pharmaceuticals (Nadiya and Khan, 2016). According to various studies, the stinging nettle plant contains biologically active chemicals such as phenols and flavonoids that can help reduce free radical generation produced by modern lifestyle conditions (Singh and Kali, 2019). Nettle tea has a number of health benefits, including reducing skin irritation and alleviating allergy symptoms. In Nepal, stinging nettle is used in IPM (Integrated Pest Management) to keep pests including cabbage butterfly larvae, hairy caterpillars, cutworms, red ants, termites, and aphids at bay (Sapkota and Shrestha, 2018). The chemical compounds in stinging nettle have a variety of health benefits for women. Because of its astringent characteristics, it can relieve unpleasant premenstrual symptoms including cramping and bloating, as well as reduce blood flow during menstruation. Stinging nettle can ease the transition and act as a restorative for women going through menopause, lowering the intensity of the hormonal shift in the body. Acting as a coagulant, stinging nettle can help prevent excessive bleeding. It will also help increase milk production and make breastfeeding more comfortable. The aim of this review is to evaluate the chemical compounds in nettle with their nutritional and pharmacological effects. This assessment will be useful for nutritionists, farmers and health professionals.
Botanical description of stinging nettle
Urtica dioica L., also known as stinging nettle, is a perennial plant in the Urticaceae family that belongs to the genus Urtica (Ahmed and Parsuraman, 2014). The tall, green quadrangular stem has lacunar collenchyma at each corner. It’s possible to have 12–20 fibrovascular bundles (Corsi and Masini, 1997). This plant can reach a height of about 2 m (6.5 feet) (Petruzzello, 2022). The leaves are oblong or oval, opposite, cordate at the base, finely toothed, dark green above and paler below, and oblong or oval, opposite, cordate at the base, finely toothed, and dark green above and paler beneath (Testai et al., 2002). The stinging trichomes on the stems and leaves carry a fluid rich in histamine, acetylcholine, and serotonin (Tuberville et al., 1996). The little dioecious flowers, which develop as racemes in the axils of the upper leaves and are either male or female in separate inflorescences, are brown to greenish in color and flower every year from May to September (Corsi and Masini, 1997; Ahmed and Parsuraman, 2014). A rhizome is present, and the root is usually biarch (Corsi and Masini, 1997). The fruit of the stinging nettle is round and contains small dark brown or nearly black seeds. The root system of nettle is made up of a taproot with fine rootlets, which allows it to expand (Ghedira et al., 2009; Joshi et al., 2014).
Bioactive compounds
With a history stretching back over 2000 years, nettle has been used as a natural remedy for ages (Said et al., 2015). Medicinally, all plant components (seeds, leaves, and roots) are used (Jan and Singh, 2017). Flavonoids, tannins, volatile compounds, fatty acids, polysaccharides, isolectins, sterols, terpenes, protein, vitamins, and minerals are among the main chemical components of U. dioica L. (Joshi et al., 2014). Because of its balanced protein composition and relatively high mineral and vitamin content, nettle is becoming more well-known. It contains a lot of vitamin C and provitamin A (Guil-Guerrero et al., 2003). Protein accounts for about 30% of dry mass and contains numerous amino acids necessary by humans. Minerals account about 20% of the dry mass. Zinc, iron, cobalt, potassium, nickel, and molybdenum are all abundant (Said et al., 2015).
It’s a popular dish on Nepal’s five-star hotel menus. It is also regarded as one of the healthiest foods on the planet. Outside of the country, it’s used as a soup, vegetable, tea, juice, and medicinal.
Use of U. dioica L. as botanical pesticides
Plant pesticides have been used for food preservation for hundreds of years. Nettles serve as a home for bugs’ natural predators. According to Alhmedi et al. (2007), planting nettles resulted in a higher number of aphid predator species. Nettle extract can be used as an insecticide, fungicide, and acaricide under Basic Substance laws. As an insecticide, nettle extract can be used to control codling moths, diamondback moths, and spider mites (Sharp, 2021). This fungicide can be used to prevent pythium root rot, powdery mildew, early blight, late blight, septoria blight, alternaria leaf spot, and grey mould (Sharp, 2021). These extracts inhibited the growth of Acinetobacter calcoaceticus, Bacillus cereus, Bacillus spizizenii, Bacillus subtilis, Citrobacter freundii, Entrobacter aerogenes, Erwinia sp., Escherichia coli, Klebsiellapneumoniae, Micrococcus sp., Saccharomyces cerevisiae, Salmonella paratyphi, Serratia marcescens, Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) and Vibrio parahaemolyticus. The phenolic compounds found in nettle may be responsible for this antibacterial activity (Modarresi-Chahardehi et al., 2012). Antimycotic activity against pathogenic fungi (Alternaria alternata, Aspergillus flavus, Candida albicans, Ceratcystis ulmi, Fusarium oxysporum, Fusarium solani, Phoma exigua, Phytophthora carotovora, Porphyromonas gingivalis, Microsporum cookei, Microsporum gypseum) were investigated (Gülçin et al., 2004; Hadizadeh et al., 2009).
