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🚨 FIDIC RED BOOK – TOP CONTRACTOR CLAIMS YOU MUST KNOW 🚨Are you a Civil Engineer, Planning Engineer, QS, Contracts Engin...
25/06/2026

🚨 FIDIC RED BOOK – TOP CONTRACTOR CLAIMS YOU MUST KNOW 🚨

Are you a Civil Engineer, Planning Engineer, QS, Contracts Engineer, or Project Manager?

Save this post for quick revision! 📌

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🔹 1. Delayed Access to Site 📖 Clause 2.1 ✅ Cost + EOT

🔹 2. Late Drawings / Instructions 📖 Clause 1.9 ✅ Cost + EOT

🔹 3. Unforeseeable Physical Conditions 📖 Clause 4.12 ✅ Cost + EOT

🔹 4. Suspension of Work 📖 Clauses 8.8–8.9 (1999) 📖 Clauses 8.9–8.10 (2017) ✅ Cost + EOT

🔹 5. Employer-Caused Delay 📖 Clause 8.4 (1999) 📖 Clause 8.5 (2017) ✅ EOT

🔹 6. Variations 📖 Clause 13 ✅ Cost + Profit + EOT

🔹 7. Changes in Legislation 📖 Clause 13.7 (1999) 📖 Clause 13.6 (2017) ✅ Cost + EOT

🔹 8. Force Majeure / Exceptional Events 📖 Clause 19 (1999) 📖 Clause 18 (2017) ✅ EOT (+ Cost in some cases)

🔹 9. Employer's Failure to Pay 📖 Clause 16.1 ✅ Financing Charges + EOT

🔹 10. Termination by Contractor 📖 Clauses 16.2–16.4 ✅ Cost + Profit + Compensation

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📌 FIDIC CLAIM PROCEDURE

1️⃣ Notice of Claim → 28 Days

2️⃣ Detailed Claim 📖 42 Days (FIDIC 1999) 📖 84 Days (FIDIC 2017)

3️⃣ Engineer's Determination

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🎯 Top 5 FIDIC Clauses Every Engineer Should Memorize

✔ Clause 2.1 – Access to Site ✔ Clause 4.12 – Physical Conditions ✔ Clause 8.4/8.5 – EOT ✔ Clause 13 – Variations ✔ Clause 20.1/20.2 – Claims Procedure

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🌍 **INCOTERMS® 2020 – Simplified Guide for Procurement & Logistics Professionals**Incoterms® 2020 define the responsibil...
19/06/2026

🌍 **INCOTERMS® 2020 – Simplified Guide for Procurement & Logistics Professionals**

Incoterms® 2020 define the responsibilities, costs, and risks between buyers and sellers in international trade.

📌 **Remember the Formula:**

🔹 **EXW (Ex Works)** – Buyer bears almost all responsibilities from seller's premises.

🔹 **F-Terms (FCA, FAS, FOB)** – Seller delivers goods to carrier/vessel; buyer pays main transportation.

🔹 **C-Terms (CPT, CIP, CFR, CIF)** – Seller pays freight (and insurance in CIP/CIF), but risk transfers earlier during shipment.

🔹 **D-Terms (DAP, DPU, DDP)** – Seller takes maximum responsibility up to destination.

# # # Key Incoterms Used in Practice

✅ **FCA** – Preferred for containerized cargo
✅ **FOB** – Common for sea freight shipments
✅ **CIF** – Seller provides freight and insurance
✅ **DAP** – Door-to-door delivery to project site
✅ **DDP** – Seller handles everything, including customs duties and taxes

# # # Important Update in Incoterms® 2020

🔸 **DPU (Delivered at Place Unloaded)** replaced DAT
🔸 **CIP** now requires higher insurance coverage
🔸 Greater clarity on cost allocation and transport security obligations

💡 **Golden Rule:**
**Costs and risks do not always transfer at the same point.** Always verify both before signing a contract.

PUBLIC PROCUREMENT FRAMEWORK IN PAKISTANPublic procurement plays a vital role in ensuring transparency, accountability, ...
11/06/2026

PUBLIC PROCUREMENT FRAMEWORK IN PAKISTAN
Public procurement plays a vital role in ensuring transparency, accountability, and value for money in public sector spending across Pakistan.
Understanding the procurement frameworks of Federal PPRA, Punjab PPRA, Sindh PPRA, KPPRA, and BPPRA is essential for contractors, consultants, suppliers, and government agencies involved in public sector projects.
Key highlights:
✔ Federal PPRA Rules 2004
✔ Punjab Procurement Rules 2014
✔ Sindh Procurement Rules 2010 (Amended)
✔ KPPRA Rules 2014
✔ BPPRA Rules 2014
✔ Open Competitive Bidding Procedures
✔ Single & Two Envelope Evaluation Methods
✔ Grievance Redressal Mechanisms (GRC)
✔ E-Procurement Systems & EPADS
A clear understanding of these regulations helps organizations improve compliance, enhance competitiveness, and increase success rates in government tenders.

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