09/10/2026
Kalgoorlie’s streets were once, quite literally, paved with gold; and no one knew it...
Before 1896, telluride-bearing rock from the Golden Mile wasn’t recognised as rich gold ore. It looked like waste, so it was discarded, spread across cart tracks and walkways, and even used as building stone. At that time, the material was understood differently. Yesterday’s waste became valuable ore, and of course a lot of those streets and concrete blocks were “dug up” and used to get some of that gold back. I was reminded of this story a few days ago during a conversation about mine tailings.
Director Ramon Skåne from Reformix comments "It took me back to last year, when I presented* at the WA School of Mines (WASM) Minerals, Energy and Chemical Engineering Symposium in Kalgoorlie. Afterwards, while speaking with students and people from across the mining industry, the conversation turned to a fascinating idea: Today’s tailings may not be tomorrow’s waste.
Greenbushes mining operation in the Southwest – the largest (current) hard-rock lithium mine in the world – provides a striking example of how the value attributed to a mineral deposit can change with knowledge, technology and markets. Tin mining began there in 1888. Tantalum mining followed in the 1940s, and the first lithium processing plant was commissioned in 1985*. Today, the operation also includes a plant re-treating historic tailings.
That history changed how I thought about mine-residue valorisation. The obvious circular-economy question today is: “How can we use this material now?”, but the more difficult question absent of a crystal ball may be: “What is the highest responsible use of this material over time?”. Equally, if nothing is done now and nothing comes in the future… then what? Wasted opportunity. It’s a weird and interesting balance.
Incorporating a mine residue into a cementitious or construction product can create genuine value. It may reduce storage burdens, displace virgin materials and lower the environmental impact of construction. But it may also disperse the material and make the future recovery of a valuable mineral impractical…
So, hesitation around repurposing tailings isn’t necessarily resistance to innovation. A stockpile can be both an environmental liability and a potential future resource. The right decision depends on far more than whether we can make something strong from it. It requires consideration of mineralogy, chemistry, environmental behaviour, consistency, processing technology, commodity markets and economics.
So, maybe an industrial by-product classified as a “tailing” isn’t an inherent property of a material. It’s a judgement made at a particular moment, using the knowledge, technology and markets available at the time.
It makes me wonder: what material are we discarding today that people may look back on very differently in 30 years?"