17/06/2026
🌟 Celebrate History Month with Us! 🌟
Sewerage vs Survival: How Sewerage Shaped Public Health in South Australia
Part 4: Post-War Era (1945 to 1980)
During World War II, sewerage construction works in South Australia were largely suspended as resources were redirected to support wartime projects, including munitions factories, aerodromes and military camps. This resulted in a significant backlog of essential civil infrastructure works. In the post war period, the return of servicemen, high levels of migration, and the post war baby boom combined to drive rapid population growth.
By the early 1950s, Adelaide’s sewerage system faced mounting challenges. The Islington Sewage Farm had reached and, at times, exceeded its practical capacity. Increasing discharges of partially treated sewage to waterways created public health risks, odour problems, and unacceptable environmental impacts.
At the same time, population growth in Adelaide’s northern and eastern suburbs continued, placing further strain on an already limited sewerage system. These pressures led the E&WS to pursue a strategic shift toward a new regional wastewater treatment facility, supported by large diameter metropolitan trunk sewers.
This era marked a fundamental transition in South Australia’s sewerage practice from local sewage farms to regional biological treatment, and from ad hoc works toward coordinated, long term infrastructure planning.
Planning for a new metropolitan wastewater treatment scheme commenced around 1960. This planning encompassed selection of a new treatment site at Bolivar, development of a metropolitan trunk sewer strategy for Adelaide, and the planned decommissioning and rehabilitation of the Islington Sewage Farm.
In 1966, the Bolivar Wastewater Treatment Plant was commissioned, and the Islington Sewage Farm was closed. The former Islington Sewer Channel was replaced by the Bolivar Trunk Main, a major gravity trunk sewer conveying flows from metropolitan Adelaide to Bolivar, with sections reaching a maximum diameter of 2.65 metres, along with the Salisbury Trunk Main from the north at a diameter of 1 metre.
Throughout the 1960s and 1970s, the sewerage program expanded beyond metropolitan Adelaide. New sewerage systems were established or significantly extended in regional centres including Port Lincoln, Mount Gambier, Whyalla, Murray Bridge, Port Pirie, Victor Harbor, and Port Augusta.
In parallel, the Christies Beach Wastewater Treatment Plant was commissioned in 1970 to serve Adelaide’s rapidly growing southern suburbs, providing additional treatment capacity.
Between 1945 and 1980, more than 4,500 kilometres of wastewater mains were constructed across South Australia. Collectively, these works delivered immediate public health, environmental, and operational benefits by relieving over loaded legacy systems, enabling modern treatment at a regional scale, and supporting long term urban and regional development.
{Join us for Part 5, where SA’s wastewater transforms in what we know today, SA Water}
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