03/24/2024
đ«SLEEP & LEARNING (SCHOOL ADDITION)đ«
Everyone acknowledges sleep needs for the younger age group and this is fantastic, but overall, sleep is important for EVERYONE. Not just babies, toddlers and preschoolers, but also those school-agers and teens. They need proper sleep just as much as a baby does. So this is why I wanted to talk about what sleep should look like, the benefits of a good nights sleep, how the brain functions with sleep, and much more when it comes to our school-age children.
What is Sleep?
Sleep is a complete state of reduced mental and physical activity. It is where our bodies take the opportunity to repair and rejuvenate cells, organs and muscles. It is where our mind gets to relax, store new information, get rid of toxic waste and the cells communicate to reorganize. This supports a healthy brain function. As those cells are repairing, the body is restoring energy and releasing molecules, such as, hormones and protein.
The body does such amazing things for us, while weâre awake but also when we sleep. Our immune system also depends on sleep. Being able to repair and boost our immunity, helps us fight off illnesses faster and even at times, being able to avoid the illness all together.
Sleep is not a luxury, it is a necessity!
What causes us to sleep and stay awake?
There are 2 hormones that are produced in our body. One is melatonin. This hormone starts producing in the early evening and is what causes us to get tired, fall asleep and stay asleep throughout the night. Darkness is what helps ramp up the production and keeps it stabilized. Melatonin lasts roughly 4-8 hours.
The second is cortisol (the stress hormone). This hormone starts to produce in the early morning and is what flows through our brain all day, keeping us awake and alert.
Without melatonin, we would not sleep. Without cortisol, we would not be able to stay awake.
Letâs Talk About Melatonin Melatonin is produced in the pineal gland. This gland letâs in light and darkness. It is the melatonin-secreting neuroendocrine organ containing light sensitive cells that control the circadian rhythm. Without the pineal gland, your body wouldnât be able to sleep or wake at the same time. Your body would also struggle to respond between changes in light levels. So maintaining a consistent schedule is key for a healthy pineal gland.
Some healthy foods that contain melatonin are:
- eggs
- fish
- nuts
- tart cherries
- goji berries
- milk
Eggs and fish are the higher melatonin containing foods from the animal food group, whereas in plant-based foods, nuts have the highest content.
Tart cherry juice is supposedly a âbest-knownâ sleep aid. Some additional foods that contain melatonin are:
- mushrooms
- cereals
- germinated legumes
- seeds
Some things that can actually hinder the production of melatonin, other then bright lights late into the night, are the colours of lights.
Which light colour do you think is the worst?
Thatâs right, BLUE light! Blue light actually blocks the production of melatonin.
Where is blue light illuminated from?
- TVs
- cell phones
- Ipads/tablets
- light bulbs
- computers
Blue light is found is fluorescent and LED lights. They may illuminate as a white light to look at, but is actually producing the blue light.
While lights during the day, whether at home or in the classroom, are not going to hinder your melatonin production, continuing to use bright lights or any of the devices listed above right before bed will.
This also includes night lights. So what colour is best?
RED light.
Removing screen time 1 hour or more before bed will allow for that melatonin to produce quicker and more efficiently.
Whatâs better then screen time before bed, getting outside for a nice walk in the fresh air. Catching the dimming sun and setting that circadian clock.
What is a Circadian Clock or Circadian Rhythm?
Your sleep-wake circadian rhythm is an internal clock (circadian clock) that runs constantly. It cycles between alertness and sleepiness. Itâs what helps our bodies regulate sleep patterns.
This is where having a consistent bedtime routine and schedule come in very handy.
Keeping your body on a regular wake up time and regular bedtime, will help regulate that circadian rhythm. Eventually, you will internally set the circadian clock where you will naturally wake at a regular time and be ready for bed at a regular time.
But what happens if we donât have a consistent schedule?
We can fall into being overtired.
And what happens when weâre overtired?
Our brains donât want to function properly. They get a âbrain fogâ. This is where we tend to not pay as much attention to detail, we forget things, our concentration is low, even end up with headaches.
Something very common, especially with children, is when we become overtired, we end up having nightmares and/or night terrors.
The Difference Between Nightmare & Night Terror
Both can be caused from being overtired. Ways to tell the difference are:
Nightmares
- your dreams revolve around threats to your safety, survival or something disturbing
- you sweat
- your heart pounds
- you remember having a bad dream
- you have a hard time falling back asleep
Night Terrors
- you might sit up in bed and look scared
- you might stare/be wide-eye even though you are not awake
- you may sweat and breath heavy
- you have a flushed face
- you may be inconsolable
- you may wake up and have no recollection of the event
Night terrors occur more often in children then adults. Whereas, 50-85% of people report having a nightmare.
Nightmares occur during rapid eye movement (REM) sleep.
Night terrors typically happen during non-REM sleep, more specifically stage 3 sleep (deep sleep).
What are Sleep Stages?
Sleep happens in 2 cycles. A sleep cycle can last anywhere from 90 to 110 minutes.
There is rapid eye movement (REM) sleep, this stage happens after the first hour of sleep but before the second hour. This is your first stage of sleep. Itâs usually when you have vivid dreams.
Then there is NON-REM sleep. It has 3 stages, the last 2 stages are where youâre in a deep sleep and hard to wake up.
What happens in REM-sleep?
This is where your brain activity picks up pace again. You may experience faster breathing, increased heart rate and blood pressure and rapid eye movement. As night progresses, you have more REM-sleep. Most of the time we are able to self soothe and fall back asleep, so any wake ups during this time can be less memorable.
What happens during NON-REM sleep?
Stage 1: everything slows down (muscles, eye movement, etc). If you were woken up, you may not even know you had been sleeping.
Stage 2: your heart rate slows, body temperature drops and your body prepares for deep sleep.
Stage 3: this is deep sleep, everything is relaxed, youâre harder to wake up and if you are woken, you may feel groggy.
During this time your body builds bone and muscle, repairs and regenerates tissues and strengthens your immune system.
Being able to get these good, well rested sleep cycles, involve having a well established circadian rhythm, with a good production of melatonin and a healthy sleep foundation.
What is a Sleep Foundation?
A healthy sleep foundation is establishing a bedtime routine, a bedtime, self-soothing abilities, expectations around bedtime and a desire sleep environment.
Here are some important elements for sleep environment.
- blackout curtains
- noise machine (especially for younger children)
- cooler temperature then the rest of the house
- appropriate sleep wear/blankets
- an appropriate bedtime
An Appropriate Daytime Schedule For children 6 and older, an appropriate schedule during the school could look like this:
6-7am wake up
7-8am breakfast, get ready for school, pack backpack
9am-3:30pm most children are in school and run on the school schedule
4-5pm homework with the opportunity to get outside one last time
5-6pm dinner
7 or 7:30pm start bedtime routine (this can depend on routine length, a good routine should take 30-45 mins)
8pm bedtime
During summer months, something more along the lines of:
6-7am wake up
9am outdoor time
10am activities/academics
11am creativity
12pm lunch
1pm quiet time
2pm screen time
3pm snack
4pm outdoor time
5-6pm dinner
7 or 7:30pm start bedtime routine (again, depending on routine length)
8pm bedtime
It is important to stick to the same schedule during summer break as you would during the school year. This helps keep the circadian rhythm functioning the same and melatonin producing at the correct times.
A simple bedtime routine to follow could be:
- bath
- pajams
- snack
- book
- brush teeth
- bathroom break
- into bed
Some good sleep habits are:
- daily exercise, stimulation, outdoor time, play time, etc
- having a good sleep schedule
- quiet activities before bed
- good sleep environment
How Much Sleep Does My Child Need?
Children are all so very different. Some children need more sleep, whereas others need a little less. Here is a guide of how much sleep a child might need by age.
6 â 12 years old: 9-12 hours of sleep in a 24 hour period
13 â 18 years old: 8-12 hours of sleep in a 24 hour period
So you can adjust your typical schedule to meet the needs of your child by age. It is understandable that most children have extra curricular activities throughout the year. This is where I highly recommend choosing the activity wisely and sticking to 1 or 2 per year/season. Filling your childâs schedule full of stimulation and finding there be a lack of sleep, can be detrimental in the long run.
Having a full plate can cause that cortisol to rise and last longer, making the melatonin production start later, meaning your child is having a hard time getting to bed at a decent time. This will become a constant cycle and your child can end up in sleep debt.
Sleep debt is not something we can get back or catch up on. When we lose sleep, itâs gone forever.
Sleep is an important element for a healthy functioning body.
Linking It Back To Education
So, how does sleep link in with learning and education?
Getting the proper amount of sleep and having quality sleep is whatâs going to help our children retain information, be alert and ready to learn, have healthy functioning brains and bodies, be able to regulate social and emotional skills, over-all mood will be better, their interests in learning will rise, their imaginations and creativity will flow more smooth, and so much more.
Itâs not about changing the start time of school to a later time to make sure these children can wake up, be on time and ready to learn. Itâs about providing them with the appropriate bedtime schedules, setting boundaries around sleep and getting them to set their circadian clock accordingly.
When it comes to adulthood where their job requires them to start at 6am, no ifs, ands or buts about it, they are required to start at 6am. Their boss isnât going to provide them with a later start time just to accompany their later morning needs.
Letâs start as young as we can to get these children sleeping well, setting those circadian clocks for appropriate daytime needs. Itâs also never too late to re-evaluate your sleep situation and start fresh
Does this mean we can ignore sleep needs here and there?
Absolutely! They are also children and we want them to have fun and experience as much as they can while being young and free. So, if there are times that days are long and nights get away on you, its ok!
I like to tell my clients to live the 80/20 rule when it comes to sleep.
80% of the time, stick to routine and schedule.
20% of the time, step out of the schedule and enjoy all that life has to offer.