02/01/2023
Nursing Lecture | Staging And Nursing Methods Of Pressure Sores
Decubitus ulcers generally refer to pressure sores. Pressure sores, also known as pressure ulcers or decubitus ulcers, are due to long-term pressure on local tissues, resulting in continuous ischemia, hypoxia, malnutrition, tissue ulceration and necrosis. Skin pressure sores are a common problem in rehabilitation and nursing care.
Because decubitus patients are bedridden or paraplegic and hemiplegic, the superposition of primary disease and complications leads to prolonged wound healing cycle, and may even worsen repeatedly.
Traditional Decubitus Staging
1. Congestion and ruddy period (erythema period)
2. Inflammatory infiltration period (vesicle period)
3. Ulcer stage
4. Deep ulcer stage (cavity stage)
As the severity of the wound increases, the course of the disease also prolongs. If it’s not cared for properly, or if timely and effective treatment is not provided, the periosteum may eventually be injured, and a variety of serious infection diseases may occur.
1. Congestion and ruddy period (erythema period)
Due to the insufficient blood supply to the local skin, the lack of oxygen in the surrounding tissues, and the reactive expansion of the arterioles, the compressed part shows local congestion and the skin shows erythema. And the tolerance of the subcutaneous tissue is weaker than that of the epidermis. Although the skin is not broken at this time, the subcutaneous tissue and capillaries have been crushed.
Nursing points: Nursing care in the erythema stage should relieve the pressure in time to prevent the continuous deterioration and development of pressure sores. Take various preventive measures to make the decubitus part unsuppressed and avoid secondary pressure deterioration. For example, the pressure sore on the buttocks should be rested on the side, and a triangular pillow should be placed on the back to relieve the pressure. If the patient cannot lie on the side, Then put soft clothes on the front and back of the buttocks so that the wound does not directly contact the mattress.
While preventing pressure, attention should also be paid to the repair of pressure sore erythema. Use decubitus ointment that can pe*****te subcutaneously. After the skin absorbs the ointment, it can repair the crushed subcutaneous tissue and capillaries from deep.
Inflammatory infiltration phase(vesicular phase)
Due to the damaged tissue compression, the inflammatory exudate cannot be discharged normally, resulting in congested blisters, accompanied by swelling of the subcutaneous tissue, and the skin color gradually darkens.
Huawei polyurethane foam dressing is a new type of dressing made of medical polyurethane material through the latest foaming process, mainly composed of three-layer structure. The front is a perforated silicone gel wound contact surface, the middle is a super absorbent foam layer, and the back is a waterproof and breathable PU film layer.
●Moist healing: The three-layer structure provides dynamic exudate treatment and a moist wound healing environment, which promotes rapid wound healing.
●Breathable and skin-friendly: the porous structure facilitates the conduction of exudate, has a large absorption capacity for liquid, and can absorb exudate.
●Soft wound detection: the material is soft, comfortable, not sticky to hair, and does not damage the new epithelium and granulation. The wound contact layer can be uncovered to observe the wound and then reattach without losing viscosity.
●Affordable: Polyurethane foam dressings can be used for up to 7 days, much higher than traditional wound dressings, and more cost-effective.
●Painless dressing change: It is suitable for sensitive people, children, tumor patients and chronic non-healing wounds. The mild viscosity can reduce the wound damage and pain caused by it.
●Freedom design: complete specifications, many styles, can be customized according to customer needs, providing more choices for clinical use.
Application
1. Various acute and chronic wounds, especially wounds with a lot of exudate.
2. It can also be used to prevent and care for various pressure sores, diabetic feet, etc.
3. Moderate to high exudative wounds
4. Nursing care of wound and skin around intubation after tracheotomy (tracheotomy type)
