07/09/2026
***Publications***
Esotericism and Mathematics – in the Islamicate tradition, this combination has been elaborated to an extreme degree. One of the corresponding phenomena is highlighted in a recent publication by Jean-Charles Coulon, ‘Magic Squares: Mathematical Tricks and Angels in Islamicate Occult Sciences: Perspectives from the Būnian Corpus’. This article is part of a Springer Nature open access volume by Senthil Babu D. and Roy Wagner, entitled 'Normative Texts and Occupational Practices. Towards New Social Histories of Mathematics', which is available at https://link.springer.com/chapter/10.1007/978-3-032-28419-8_9.
Magic squares were a fundamental element of Islamicate Arabic occult sciences, particularly with the development of the “science of letters, names and magic squares.” This science transmitted many of the magic squares developed in mathematical treatises. However, as occultist practitioners were not necessarily high-skilled mathematicians, certain treatises on this science shared techniques and mnemonics describing how to easily build magic squares for practical purposes. In this paper, I propose a reconsideration—from the perspective of history of texts—of the methods of building magic squares attributed to al-Būnī (d. 622/1225 or 630/1232), a major authority in this science. I specifically study a section of his al-Lumʿa al-nūrāniyya and a late apocryphal opuscule entitled Bughyat al-mushtāq wrongly attributed to him. This last text also introduces an occult terminology for magic squares.