04/10/2026
Are your employees performing differently because you changed the workplace?
Or because they know you are watching?
This is the idea behind the Hawthorne Effect.
The concept comes from the famous workplace studies conducted at Western Electric’s Hawthorne plant in the 1920s and 1930s.
The basic idea is simple.
When people know they are being observed, measured, or studied, their behavior may change.
They may become more attentive.
They may change how they perform a task.
They may respond differently to feedback or increased attention.
But there is an important point that leaders should understand.
The Hawthorne Effect is not a simple rule that says
“People always perform better when watched.”
Research has found that behavioral changes related to observation can occur, but the size, direction, and causes vary across situations. Some researchers have also challenged the traditional interpretation of the original Hawthorne studies. (PubMed Central (PMC))
So what does this mean for leadership?
If employees perform better only when the manager is watching, you may have a management problem rather than a performance solution.
The goal should not be
“Watch people more.”
The goal should be
“Build an environment where people perform well without being watched.”
That requires leaders to focus on
• Clear expectations
• Meaningful feedback
• Trust
• Psychological safety
• Fair performance measures
• Regular conversations
• Employee involvement
• Consistent leadership behavior
There is another lesson here.
Observation can change behavior.
But attention alone does not create sustainable performance.
If employees improve during an evaluation and return to old behaviors afterward, ask yourself
What changed in the system?
What changed in the expectations?
What changed in the support?
What changed in the leadership?
And what happens when nobody is watching?
At Forward Consulting & Development, we help organizations move from monitoring performance to building the conditions that support sustainable performance through
• Leadership Development
• Executive Coaching
• Organizational Development
• Performance Management
• Employee Engagement
• Culture Assessment
• Soft Skills Training
Better systems.
Better leadership.
Better performance.
Building Stronger Leaders.
Stronger Teams.
Stronger Organizations.