01/10/2024
Is Nigeria Really Independent?
On October 1st, 1960, Nigeria gained its independence from British colonial rule. Since then, every year, We Nigerians gather to celebrate this significant achievement with parades, speeches, and festivities. The flag waves proudly, and the national anthem resounds, evoking a sense of pride and patriotism. But amid the celebrations, a pressing question lingers: is Nigeria truly independent? Or is the country merely a shadow of its colonial past?
While political independence is undeniable, the deeper layers of self-determination are far from realized. A closer examination reveals that many aspects of Nigerian society remain tethered to foreign ideologies, systems, and cultures, which raises concerns about the authenticity of our independence.
1. Foreign System of Government
Nigeria, like many African countries, inherited a system of government modelled after its colonizers. The British parliamentary system, though modified to fit a federal structure, remains the foundation of Nigeria's governance. The presidential system we practice today is an adaptation of Western ideals, largely out of touch with the traditional systems of governance that had existed in various regions before colonialism. Traditional rulers, who once played pivotal roles in leadership and conflict resolution, have now been relegated to ceremonial functions.
Why is it that we have not developed a system of governance that reflects our indigenous values and social structure? We should ask ourselves whether democracy as practiced in Nigeria genuinely reflects the will of the people or if it is simply a hand-me-down from colonial rule. A system tailored to our unique cultural realities, embracing both traditional and modern governance methods, could serve us better.
2. Judicial System
Nigeria’s legal and judicial system is heavily based on English common law, which was imposed during the colonial era. While we have local laws like Sharia law in the North and customary laws in some parts of the South, the dominant framework remains foreign. This imported judicial structure often fails to resonate with the average Nigerian, who may feel alienated by the language, procedures, and principles it upholds.
The question arises: why haven't we developed a legal system rooted in our indigenous philosophies of justice? Before colonialism, African societies had systems of justice that prioritized restoration over punishment, reflecting a community-centered approach. Perhaps it's time to revisit those values and integrate them into a uniquely Nigerian judicial system.
3. Academic System and Curriculum
Nigeria’s educational system is also a direct replica of the British model. The curriculum is primarily Eurocentric, emphasizing Western history, literature, and science, while our indigenous knowledge systems and histories are sidelined. Even post-independence, our schools teach children more about the British Empire than about Nigerian heroes like Queen Amina of Zaria, King Jaja of Opobo, or the ancient Benin Kingdom.
Furthermore, the language of instruction remains largely English, even in regions where local languages thrive. Speaking one's native language is often stigmatized as being "local" or uneducated, a colonial mindset that persists in contemporary Nigeria. If we are to truly be independent, our education system must prioritize Nigerian languages, history, and knowledge systems. A new curriculum could inspire pride in our heritage and equip future generations to address Nigerian problems with Nigerian solutions.
4. Cultural Alienation
Perhaps one of the most profound signs of our incomplete independence is cultural alienation. Many Nigerians have internalized colonial notions that tag our traditional practices, beliefs, and languages as inferior. Speaking a native language in formal settings is often frowned upon, and traditional religion is frequently demonized. Our music, fashion, and food have been commodified for foreign markets, but within Nigeria, we often treat these cultural elements with shame rather than pride.
Traditional African spirituality, which once connected people to their environment and community, has been largely replaced by Western religions. While the right to worship freely is important, the wholesale rejection of our traditional beliefs in favour of foreign ones indicates a deep-seated colonial hangover. To reclaim our cultural identity, we must start embracing our heritage and understanding that our traditions and religions are not antithetical to progress.
5. Economic Dependency
Nigeria’s economy, despite its wealth in natural resources, remains highly dependent on foreign imports and influences. The oil industry, which is the backbone of our economy, is controlled by multinational corporations. We export crude oil but import refined products, a paradox that keeps us reliant on foreign industries. Additionally, many sectors, from technology to pharmaceuticals, rely on foreign expertise and imports.
For true economic independence, Nigeria must invest in developing local industries, supporting indigenous entrepreneurs, and prioritizing innovation. The current government’s push for diversification is a step in the right direction, but much more needs to be done in building self-sufficiency and economic resilience.
The Way Forward: How Can Nigeria Achieve True Independence?
1. Develop a Hybrid Governance System*: We need a governance model that integrates traditional leadership structures with modern democratic principles. This could increase political participation and strengthen local governance.
2. Judicial Reforms: We should consider legal reforms that reflect indigenous concepts of justice and fairness. A system that balances customary law, Islamic law, and common law would be more reflective of Nigeria’s diverse realities.
3. Curriculum Overhaul: The educational system must undergo significant reform. We should place Nigerian history, culture, and languages at the centre of the curriculum, while also encouraging critical thinking and creativity that is grounded in solving local problems.
4. Cultural Renaissance: A national movement to revive and take pride in our traditional languages, religions, and customs is needed. The arts, media, and schools can play an active role in reshaping societal views on what it means to be “Nigerian” and help combat the stigma of being “local.”
5. Economic Diversification: Nigeria must continue to diversify its economy, reduce its dependence on oil, and invest in technology, agriculture, and local manufacturing. This will not only create jobs but also ensure that wealth stays within the country.
Conclusion:
Sixty-four years after independence, Nigeria still struggles to break free from the mental, economic, and cultural chains of colonialism. While we have achieved political independence, true freedom cultural, judicial, educational, and economic independence remains elusive. To become truly independent, we must consciously redefine what it means to be Nigerian, reclaim our indigenous systems, and reshape our institutions to reflect our unique identity. Only then will we be able to celebrate not just a date on the calendar but the realization of genuine self-determination.
Olarewaju Moses.
