22/04/2026
CONFUSED ABOUT FINANCIAL REPORTS?
We are often asked what a business would look at in terms of its Financial statements.
PROFIT AND LOSS ACCOUNT (often called a P&L or income statement) shows how much money a business has made or lost over a specific period whether that’s a month, quarter, or year.
It helps to:
* Spot rising costs or falling sales
* Make decisions (pricing, hiring, cutting expenses)
* Report to HMRC or stakeholders
What does it show?
1. REVENUE (SALES)
This is all the income the business earns from selling goods or services.
2. COST OF SALES (DIRECT COSTS)
Costs directly tied to producing what you sell (e.g. materials, stock, subcontractors).
3. GROSS PROFIT
Revenue minus cost of sales - how profitable your core business is before overheads.
4. OVERHEADS (EXPENSES)
Day-to-day running costs like:
* Salaries/Wages
* Rent
* Utilities
* Marketing
* Software subscriptions
* Motor vehicle costs
5. NET PROFIT / (LOSS)
What’s left after all expenses are deducted.
* Positive = PROFIT
* Negative = LOSS
BALANCE SHEET is a snapshot of a business’s financial position at a specific point in time—what it owns, owes, and what’s left for the owner.
It helps to:
* See how financially stable a business is
* Check if business can pay its debts
* Understand what it owns vs owes
* Support lending or investment decisions
ASSETS – LIABILITIES = EQUITY
1. ASSETS (What the business owns)
These are things of value usually split into:
* Current assets (cash, stock – used within a year, Money owed by customers (debtors))
* Fixed assets (Land, buildings, vehicles, equipment, property – long-term)
2. LIABILITIES (What the business owes)
These are debts and obligations split into:
* Current liabilities (due within a year) Supplier bills (creditors)
* Taxes owed
* VAT due
* Loans
* Long-term liabilities (loans over several years)
3. EQUITY (What’s left for the owner)
This is the owner’s stake in the business:
* Money invested
* Retained profits (from your profit & loss)
So how do they link together?
* The profit from your P&L increases equity
* A loss reduces equity
* The balance sheet shows all the results over time
If you need bookkeeping or accounting support get in touch with us and let us help!