29/11/2025
π¦ π African Swine Fever (ASF). First cases in wild boar in Spain since 1994. What should you know?
African Swine Fever (ASF) is a highly contagious viral disease affecting wild boar and domestic pigs, with mortality rates often approaching 100% in infected animals.
As we explained during the BDVA meeting in June this year, ASF does not infect humans, but it can have major impacts on wildlife, farming, and the economy (especially for Spainβs pig industry). It is important to emphasise that ASF does not affect people, whether through contact with animals or through the consumption of products derived from them.
Yesterday (28th November 2025), Spanish authorities announced the first two confirmed cases of ASF in wild boar since 1994. Both carcasses were found within 1 km of each other. At the time of writing, four additional cases have been detected, bringing the total to six.
Authorities immediately activated control measures, including:
- Delimitation of the affected zone.
- Active search efforts.
- Controlled removal and disposal of wild boar carcasses.
- Hunting ban to prevent the movement of wild boar into unaffected areas.
- Reinforced biosecurity and surveillance on pig farms.
Within the European Union, ASF has been endemic in several countries since its introduction into Poland and the Baltic states from Russia in 2014. Until yesterday, the ASF situation in Europe could be summarised by the map shown above (image from Sauter-Louis et al., 2021).
Hunters have an essential role in ASF prevention and control by:
-> Passive surveillance: reporting any dead wild boar or suspected ASF cases to authorities.
-> Active collaboration: assisting in the rapid removal and disposal of carcasses. This is critical because carcasses are the main environmental reservoir of the virus.
-> Biosecurity compliance: cleaning equipment and avoiding the movement of meat or trophies from risk areas.
-> Population management: helping reduce population density to lower transmission risk.
See the first comment for the signs and symptoms, as well as the bibliography