02/02/2023
[BESTIARIVM ANTIQVVM]
CICERO'S LETTERS TO ATTICUS - EPISTULAE AD ATTICUM
In something that may be considered as the world's oldest recorded awkward correspondence, the Roman orator Marcus Tullius Cicero spent much of his term as governor of Cilicia trying to ignore a very specific request from his former legal client, Marcus Caelius Rufus. In several letters sent during most of 51 BC, Caelius repeatedly begged Cicero to capture and send him a group of panthers (leopards). He explained that he needed the animals because he was trying to launch his political career - and nothing won the hearts of voters more than hunting exotic animals in the arena. Caelius' opponent Curio had no problem collecting exotic animals from his governor friends - why couldn't Cicero have a few of his own local beasts hunted?
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In a letter to his friend, Titus Pomponius Atticus, Cicero explains that he is simply not comfortable taking advantage of his position in this way: "I said it was not in keeping with my character that the people here should hunt at the public expense while I was in charge." Caelius did not allow himself to be dissuaded, and his letters became more and more desperate. In one he wrote: "You'll be ashamed if I don't have Greek panthers." In another, “In almost every letter I have mentioned to you the subject of the panthers. You will be ashamed that Patiscus has sent ten panthers to Curio, and you should send many times more."
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These vague threats to his reputation obviously started to get on Cicero's nerves. His last answer is rather sarcastic: “As for the panthers, the professional hunters are busy, working on my orders. But there is an extraordinary scarcity of beasts, and it is said that those panthers we have here bitterly complain that they are the only creatures in my province whose lives are endangered. Accordingly, they decided to leave this province and go to Caria."
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Although Cicero was reluctant to hunt wild beasts for Caelius' benefit, bloody public spectacles with wild animals were unfortunately already an important part of Roman culture.
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Epistulae ad Atticum (Letters to Atticus) is a collection of letters from the Roman politician and orator Marcus Tullius Cicero to his close friend Titus Pomponius Atticus. The letters in this collection, along with Cicero's other letters, are considered the most reliable sources of information for the period leading up to the fall of the Roman Republic.
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Letters to Atticus are special among Cicero's works, because they provide an honest view of his personal character - they contain a confession, an honest self-disclosure, and a record of his moods from day to day, without alteration. It traditionally includes 16 books, and the collection contains letters from 68 to 44 BC. The notable lack of early references to these letters suggests that they may not have been published until the middle of the 1st century AD, considerably later than Cicero's other letters and well after the deaths of both Cicero (43 BC) and Atticus (32 BC).
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Francesco Petrarca rediscovered the manuscript containing the collection, together with Epistulae ad Quintum Fratrem (Letters to Brother Quintus) and Epistulae ad Brutum (Letters to Brutus) in 1345 in Verona. Both the original and Petrarca's copy are now lost, but a copy made for the Italian humanist, polemicist and orator Colucci Salutati is preserved in the Laurentian Library (Biblioteca Medicea Laurenziana) in Florence.
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View the exhibition [Bestiarium Antiquum] until February 16, 2023 in the AMZ Gallery, Pavla Hatza 6
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