11/07/2023
ʟᴇ ᴅʀᴏɪᴛ ᴅᴇs ᴏʙʟɪɢᴀᴛɪᴏɴs, ᴄᴏɴsᴛɪᴛᴜᴀɴᴛ ʟ’ᴜɴᴇ ᴅᴇs ʙᴀsᴇs ᴘʀɪɴᴄɪᴘᴀʟᴇs ᴅᴜ ᴅʀᴏɪᴛ ᴘʀɪᴠé, ʀᴇɢʀᴏᴜᴘᴇ ᴛᴏᴜᴛ à ʟᴀ ғᴏɪs sᴇʟᴏɴ ʟᴇ ᴄᴏᴅᴇ ᴄɪᴠɪʟ :
•ʟᴇs ᴄᴏɴᴛʀᴀᴛs, ᴏᴜ ᴄᴏɴᴠᴇɴᴛɪᴏɴs, ǫᴜɪ sᴏɴᴛ ʟᴀ ʀᴇɴᴄᴏɴᴛʀᴇ ᴅᴇ ʟᴀ ᴠᴏʟᴏɴᴛé ᴅᴇ ᴅᴇᴜx ᴏᴜ ᴘʟᴜsɪᴇᴜʀs ᴘᴇʀsᴏɴɴᴇs ᴇɴ ᴠᴜᴇ ᴅᴇ ᴄʀéᴇʀ ᴅᴇs ᴇғғᴇᴛs ᴊᴜʀɪᴅɪǫᴜᴇs (ᴇxᴇᴍᴘʟᴇ : ᴄᴏɴᴛʀᴀᴛ ᴅᴇ ᴍᴀʀɪᴀɢᴇ).
•ʟᴇs ǫᴜᴀsɪ-ᴄᴏɴᴛʀᴀᴛs, ǫᴜɪ sᴏɴᴛ ᴅᴇs ᴀᴄᴛᴇs ᴠᴏʟᴏɴᴛᴀɪʀᴇs ᴇᴛ ʟɪᴄɪᴛᴇs ǫᴜɪ ɴᴇ ᴄᴏɴsɪsᴛᴇɴᴛ ᴘᴀs ᴇɴ ᴜɴ ᴀᴄᴄᴏʀᴅ ᴅᴇ ᴠᴏʟᴏɴᴛé ᴍᴀɪs ǫᴜɪ ᴏʙʟɪɢᴇ ǫᴜᴀɴᴅ ᴍêᴍᴇ sᴏɴ ᴀᴜᴛᴇᴜʀ ᴇɴᴠᴇʀs ʟᴇs ᴛɪᴇʀs ᴇᴛ ᴘᴀʀғᴏɪs ʟᴇs ᴛɪᴇʀs ᴇɴᴠᴇʀs ʟᴜɪ (ᴇxᴇᴍᴘʟᴇ : ʀéᴘᴀʀᴇʀ ᴜɴᴇ ғᴜɪᴛᴇ ᴄʜᴇᴢ ᴜɴ ᴠᴏɪsɪɴ ᴀʟᴏʀs ǫᴜᴇ ᴄᴇʟᴜɪ-ᴄɪ ᴇsᴛ ᴀʙsᴇɴᴛ).
ʟᴀ ᴄʟᴀssɪғɪᴄᴀᴛɪᴏɴ ᴅᴇs ᴏʙʟɪɢᴀᴛɪᴏɴs
ʟ'ᴀʀᴛɪᴄʟᴇ 897 ᴅᴜ ᴄᴏᴅᴇ ᴄɪᴠɪʟ ǫᴜɪ ɴᴏᴜs ᴅɪᴛ ǫᴜᴇ ʟᴇ ᴄᴏɴᴛʀᴀᴛ ᴇsᴛ ᴜɴᴇ ᴄᴏɴᴠᴇɴᴛɪᴏɴ ᴘᴀʀ ʟᴀǫᴜᴇʟʟᴇ ᴜɴᴇ ᴏᴜ ᴘʟᴜsɪᴇᴜʀs ᴘᴇʀsᴏɴɴᴇs s’ᴏʙʟɪɢᴇɴᴛ ᴇɴᴠᴇʀs ᴜɴᴇ ᴏᴜ ᴘʟᴜsɪᴇᴜʀs ᴀᴜᴛʀᴇs à ᴅᴏɴɴᴇʀ, à ғᴀɪʀᴇ ᴏᴜ à ɴᴇ ᴘᴀs ғᴀɪʀᴇ.
• ʟ’ᴏʙʟɪɢᴀᴛɪᴏɴ ᴅᴇ ᴅᴏɴɴᴇʀ
ᴄ’ᴇsᴛ ʟᴇ ᴄᴀs ᴅᴜ ᴅéʙɪᴛᴇᴜʀ ǫᴜɪ s’ᴇɴɢᴀɢᴇ à ᴛʀᴀɴsғéʀᴇʀ ᴀᴜx ᴄʀéᴀɴᴄɪᴇʀs, ʟᴀ ᴘʀᴏᴘʀɪéᴛé ᴅ’ᴜɴ ʙɪᴇɴ.
ᴇx : ʟᴇ ᴄᴏɴᴛʀᴀᴛ ᴅᴇ ᴠᴇɴᴛᴇ ᴅᴀɴs ʟᴇǫᴜᴇʟ ʟᴇ ᴠᴇɴᴅᴇᴜʀ s’ᴏʙʟɪɢᴇ à ʟɪᴠʀᴇʀ ᴜɴ ʙɪᴇɴ.
• ʟ’ᴏʙʟɪɢᴀᴛɪᴏɴ ᴅᴇ ғᴀɪʀᴇ
ᴄ’ᴇsᴛ ʟᴇ ᴄᴀs ᴘᴀʀ ʟᴇǫᴜᴇʟ ʟᴇ ᴅéʙɪᴛᴇᴜʀ s’ᴇɴɢᴀɢᴇ à ғᴀɪʀᴇ ᴅᴇ ᴛᴇʟ ᴏᴜ ᴛᴇʟ ᴀɢɪssᴇᴍᴇɴᴛs ᴠɪs à ᴠɪs ᴅᴜ ᴄʀéᴀɴᴄɪᴇʀ.
ᴇx : ᴅᴀɴs ʟᴇ ᴄᴏɴᴛʀᴀᴛ ᴅᴇ ᴠᴇɴᴛᴇ ᴅ’ᴜɴ ғᴏɴᴅ ᴅᴇ ᴄᴏᴍᴍᴇʀᴄᴇ, ʟᴇ ᴠᴇɴᴅᴇᴜʀ ᴅᴜ ғᴏɴᴅ ᴅᴇ ᴄᴏᴍᴍᴇʀᴄᴇ s’ᴏʙʟɪɢᴇ à ɴᴇ ᴘᴀs ғᴀɪʀᴇ ᴄᴏɴᴄᴜʀʀᴇɴᴄᴇ.
✓ ᴄʟᴀssɪғɪᴄᴀᴛɪᴏɴ ᴅᴇs ᴏʙʟɪɢᴀᴛɪᴏɴs sᴇʟᴏɴ ʟᴇᴜʀs ᴇғғᴇᴛs:
•ᴏʙʟɪɢᴀᴛɪᴏɴ ᴅᴇ ʀésᴜʟᴛᴀᴛ
•ᴏʙʟɪɢᴀᴛɪᴏɴ ᴅᴇ ᴍᴏʏᴇɴs
•ᴏʙʟɪɢᴀᴛɪᴏɴ ᴅᴇ séᴄᴜʀɪᴛé
• ʟ’ᴏʙʟɪɢᴀᴛɪᴏɴ ᴅᴇ ʀésᴜʟᴛᴀᴛs
ᴅᴀɴs ᴄᴇ ᴄᴀs, ʟᴇ ᴅéʙɪᴛᴇᴜʀ ᴅᴏɪᴛ ᴀᴛᴛᴇɪɴᴅʀᴇ ʟᴇ ʀésᴜʟᴛᴀᴛ ʀᴇᴄʜᴇʀᴄʜé ᴘᴀʀ ʟᴇ ᴄʀéᴀɴᴄɪᴇʀ, sᴏɴ ᴏʙʟɪɢᴀᴛɪᴏɴ ᴇsᴛ sᴛʀɪᴄᴛᴇᴍᴇɴᴛ ᴅéᴛᴇʀᴍɪɴéᴇ.
ᴇx : ᴄ’ᴇsᴛ ʟ’ᴏʙʟɪɢᴀᴛɪᴏɴ ǫᴜɪ ᴘèsᴇ sᴜʀ ʟᴇ ɢᴀʀᴀɢɪsᴛᴇ ǫᴜɪ ʀéᴘᴀʀᴇ ᴜɴ ᴠéʜɪᴄᴜʟᴇ (ʟᴇ ᴠéʜɪᴄᴜʟᴇ ᴅᴏɪᴛ ғᴏɴᴄᴛɪᴏɴɴᴇʀ ǫᴜᴀɴᴅ ᴏɴ ᴠᴏᴜs ʟᴇ ʀᴇɴᴅ).
• ʟ’ᴏʙʟɪɢᴀᴛɪᴏɴ ᴅᴇ ᴍᴏʏᴇɴs
ᴏʙʟɪɢᴀᴛɪᴏɴ ᴅᴇ ᴘʀᴜᴅᴇɴᴄᴇ ᴏᴜ ᴅɪʟɪɢᴇɴᴄᴇ. ᴅᴀɴs ᴄᴇ ᴄᴀs, ʟᴇ ᴅéʙɪᴛᴇᴜʀ ᴅᴏɪᴛ ᴛᴏᴜᴛ ᴍᴇᴛᴛʀᴇ ᴇɴ œᴜᴠʀᴇ ᴘᴏᴜʀ ᴘᴀʀᴠᴇɴɪʀ ᴀᴜ ʀésᴜʟᴛᴀᴛ ʀᴇᴄʜᴇʀᴄʜé ᴍᴀɪs ɪʟ ɴ’ᴇsᴛ ᴘᴀs ᴛᴇɴᴜ ᴅᴇ ʟ’ᴀᴛᴛᴇɪɴᴅʀᴇ.
ᴇx : ᴄ’ᴇsᴛ ʟ’ᴏʙʟɪɢᴀᴛɪᴏɴ ǫᴜɪ ᴘèsᴇ sᴜʀ ʟᴇ ᴍéᴅᴇᴄɪɴ ғᴀᴄᴇ à ᴜɴᴇ ᴍᴀʟᴀᴅɪᴇ ɢʀᴀᴠᴇ (ɴᴇ ᴘᴇᴜᴛ ᴘᴀs ɢᴀʀᴀɴᴛɪʀ ʟᴀ ɢᴜéʀɪsᴏɴ).
• ʟ'ᴏʙʟɪɢᴀᴛɪᴏɴ ᴅᴇ séᴄᴜʀɪᴛé
ᴘᴇᴜᴛ êᴛʀᴇ sᴏɪᴛ ᴜɴᴇ ᴏʙʟɪɢᴀᴛɪᴏɴ ᴅᴇ séᴄᴜʀɪᴛé ᴅᴇ ᴍᴏʏᴇɴ ᴏᴜ ᴅᴇ ʀésᴜʟᴛᴀᴛ. ᴇʟʟᴇ ᴘèsᴇ sᴜʀ ʟᴇs ᴘʀᴏғᴇssɪᴏɴɴᴇʟs. ʟᴇ ᴘʀᴏғᴇssɪᴏɴɴᴇʟ ᴇsᴛ ʀᴇᴅᴇᴠᴀʙʟᴇ ᴅ’ᴜɴᴇ ᴏʙʟɪɢᴀᴛɪᴏɴ ᴅᴇ séᴄᴜʀɪᴛé ʀésᴜʟᴛᴀᴛ ʟᴏʀsǫᴜᴇ ʟᴇ ᴄʟɪᴇɴᴛ ᴏᴜ ʟᴇ ᴄᴏɴsᴏᴍᴍᴀᴛᴇᴜʀ ɴ’ᴀ ᴘᴀs ᴅᴇ ʀôʟᴇ ᴀᴄᴛɪғ. ᴀɪɴsɪ ʟᴇ ʀᴇsᴛᴀᴜʀᴀᴛᴇᴜʀ ᴅᴏɪᴛ sᴇʀᴠɪʀ ᴅᴇs ᴀʟɪᴍᴇɴᴛs sᴀɪɴs.
ʟ’ᴏʙʟɪɢᴀᴛɪᴏɴ ᴅᴇ séᴄᴜʀɪᴛé ᴍᴏʏᴇɴ : ᴄ’ᴇsᴛ ʟᴏʀsǫᴜᴇ ʟᴇs ᴄʟɪᴇɴᴛs ᴏɴᴛ ᴜɴᴇ ᴄᴇʀᴛᴀɪɴᴇ ᴀᴜᴛᴏɴᴏᴍɪᴇ.
ᴇx : sᴘᴏʀᴛ ᴅ’ʜɪᴠᴇʀ, ᴘᴏᴜʀ ʟ’ᴇxᴘʟᴏɪᴛᴀɴᴛ ᴅᴇ ᴛéʟéʙᴇɴɴᴇ ᴘᴀʀᴄᴇ ǫᴜᴇ ʟᴇ ᴄʟɪᴇɴᴛ ɴ’ᴀ ᴀᴜᴄᴜɴ ʀôʟᴇ ᴀᴄᴛɪғ ᴅᴏɴᴄ ᴏʙʟɪɢᴀᴛɪᴏɴ ᴅᴇ ʀésᴜʟᴛᴀᴛ. ᴀʟᴏʀs ǫᴜᴇ ʟ’ᴇxᴘʟᴏɪᴛᴀɴᴛ ᴅᴇ ᴛéʟésɪèɢᴇ ɴ’ᴀ ǫᴜ’ᴜɴᴇ ᴏʙʟɪɢᴀᴛɪᴏɴ ᴅᴇ séᴄᴜʀɪᴛé ᴍᴏʏᴇɴ ᴄᴀʀ ʟᴇs sᴋɪᴇᴜʀs ᴏɴᴛ ᴜɴᴇ ᴄᴇʀᴛᴀɪɴᴇ ᴀᴜᴛᴏɴᴏᴍɪᴇ ᴅᴀɴs ʟᴇ ᴄʜᴀʀɢᴇᴍᴇɴᴛ ᴇᴛ ʟᴇ ᴅéᴄʜᴀʀɢᴇᴍᴇɴᴛ.
✓ ᴄʟᴀssɪғɪᴄᴀᴛɪᴏɴ ᴅᴇs ᴏʙʟɪɢᴀᴛɪᴏɴs sᴇʟᴏɴ ʟᴇs sᴏᴜʀᴄᴇs
• sᴇʟᴏɴ ʟᴇs sᴏᴜʀᴄᴇs ᴅᴜ ᴄᴏᴅᴇ ᴄɪᴠɪʟ ᴄᴇʀᴛᴀɪɴs ᴇɴɢᴀɢᴇᴍᴇɴᴛs sᴇ ғᴏʀᴍᴇɴᴛ sᴀɴs ǫᴜ’ɪɴᴛᴇʀᴠɪᴇɴɴᴇɴᴛ ᴀᴜᴄᴜɴᴇ ᴄᴏɴᴠᴇɴᴛɪᴏɴ, ɴ’ʏ ᴅᴇ ʟᴀ ᴘᴀʀᴛ ᴅᴇ ᴄᴇʟᴜɪ ǫᴜɪ s’ᴏʙʟɪɢᴇ ɴɪ ᴅᴇ ʟᴀ ᴘᴀʀᴛ ᴅᴇ ᴄᴇʟᴜɪ ᴇɴᴠᴇʀs ʟᴇǫᴜᴇʟ ɪʟ ᴇsᴛ ᴏʙʟɪɢé.
ʟᴇs ᴜɴs ʀésᴜʟᴛᴇɴᴛ ᴅᴇ ʟ’ᴀᴜᴛᴏʀɪᴛé sᴇᴜʟᴇ ᴅᴇ ʟᴀ ʟᴏɪ, ʟᴇs ᴀᴜᴛʀᴇs ɴᴀɪssᴇɴᴛ ᴅ’ᴜɴ ғᴀɪᴛ ᴘᴇʀsᴏɴɴᴇʟ à ᴄᴇʟᴜɪ ǫᴜɪ sᴇ ᴛʀᴏᴜᴠᴇ ᴏʙʟɪɢé.
ʟᴇs 5 sᴏᴜʀᴄᴇs sᴏɴᴛ : ʟᴇ ᴄᴏɴᴛʀᴀᴛ, ʟᴇ ǫᴜᴀsɪ-ᴄᴏɴᴛʀᴀᴛ, ʟᴇ ᴅéʟɪᴛ ᴄɪᴠɪʟ, ʟᴇ ǫᴜᴀsɪ-ᴅéʟɪᴛ ᴄɪᴠɪʟ, ʟᴀ ʟᴏɪ.
ᴀ) ʟᴇ ᴄᴏɴᴛʀᴀᴛ
ᴄ’ᴇsᴛ ᴜɴᴇ ᴏʙʟɪɢᴀᴛɪᴏɴ ᴄᴏɴᴠᴇɴᴛɪᴏɴɴᴇʟʟᴇ ǫᴜɪ ʀésᴜʟᴛᴇ ᴅ’ᴜɴ ᴀᴄᴄᴏʀᴅ ᴅᴇ ᴠᴏʟᴏɴᴛé ᴇɴᴛʀᴇ ʟᴇ ᴅéʙɪᴛᴇᴜʀ ᴇᴛ ʟᴇ ᴄʀéᴀɴᴄɪᴇʀ.
ʙ) ʟᴇ ǫᴜᴀsɪ-ᴄᴏɴᴛʀᴀᴛ
ɪʟ ɴᴇ ᴄᴏᴍᴘᴏʀᴛᴇ ᴀᴜᴄᴜɴ ᴀᴄᴄᴏʀᴅ ᴅᴇ ᴠᴏʟᴏɴᴛé à ʟ’ᴏʀɪɢɪɴᴇ, ᴍᴀɪs ᴄᴏᴍᴘᴏʀᴛᴇ ᴅᴇs ᴏʙʟɪɢᴀᴛɪᴏɴs.
ᴇx : ᴅᴜʀᴀɴᴛ ʟᴀ ᴛᴇᴍᴘêᴛᴇ, ᴊ’ᴀɪ ᴅéᴄɪᴅé ᴅᴇ ғᴀɪʀᴇ ʙâᴄʜᴇʀ ʟᴇ ᴛᴏɪᴛ ᴅᴜ ᴠᴏɪsɪɴ, ɪʟ ᴀ ᴜɴᴇ ᴏʙʟɪɢᴀᴛɪᴏɴ, ɪʟ ᴅᴏɪᴛ ᴍᴇ ʀᴇᴍʙᴏᴜʀsᴇʀ.
ᴄ) ʟᴇ ᴅéʟɪᴛ ᴄɪᴠɪʟ
ᴜɴ ғᴀɪᴛ ɪɴᴛᴇɴᴛɪᴏɴɴᴇʟ ᴇᴛ ɪʟʟɪᴄɪᴛᴇ ǫᴜɪ ᴄᴀᴜsᴇ ᴜɴ ᴅᴏᴍᴍᴀɢᴇ à ᴀᴜᴛʀᴜɪ. ʟ’ᴀʀᴛɪᴄʟᴇ 1168 ᴅᴜ ᴄᴏᴅᴇ ᴄɪᴠɪʟ ᴅɪᴛ ǫᴜᴇ : « ᴛᴏᴜᴛ ғᴀɪᴛ ǫᴜᴇʟᴄᴏɴǫᴜᴇ ᴅᴇ ʟ’ʜᴏᴍᴍᴇ ǫᴜɪ ᴄᴀᴜsᴇ à ᴀᴜᴛʀᴜɪ ᴜɴ ᴅᴏᴍᴍᴀɢᴇ, ᴏʙʟɪɢᴇ ᴄᴇʟᴜɪ ᴘᴀʀ ǫᴜɪ ʟᴀ ғᴀᴜᴛᴇ ᴅᴜǫᴜᴇʟ ɪʟ ᴇsᴛ ᴀʀʀɪᴠé, ᴅᴇ ʟᴇ ʀéᴘᴀʀᴇʀ ».
ᴅ) ʟᴇs ǫᴜᴀsɪ-ᴅéʟɪᴛs ᴄɪᴠɪʟs
ᴀʀᴛɪᴄʟᴇ 1169 ᴅᴜ ᴄᴏᴅᴇ ᴄɪᴠɪʟ « ᴄʜᴀᴄᴜɴ ᴇsᴛ ʀᴇsᴘᴏɴsᴀʙʟᴇ ᴅᴜ ᴅᴏᴍᴍᴀɢᴇ ǫᴜ’ɪʟ ᴀ ᴄᴀᴜsé ɴᴏɴ sᴇᴜʟᴇᴍᴇɴᴛ ᴘᴀʀ sᴏɴ ғᴀɪᴛ ᴍᴀɪs ᴇɴᴄᴏʀᴇ ᴘᴀʀ sᴀ ɴéɢʟɪɢᴇɴᴄᴇ ᴏᴜ sᴏɴ ɪᴍᴘʀᴜᴅᴇɴᴄᴇ.
ᴇ) ʟᴀ ʟᴏɪ
ᴇʟʟᴇ ᴘᴇᴜᴛ ɪᴍᴘᴏsᴇʀ ᴅᴇs ᴏʙʟɪɢᴀᴛɪᴏɴs ᴇɴ ᴅᴇʜᴏʀs ᴅᴇ ᴛᴏᴜᴛᴇ ᴠᴏʟᴏɴᴛé ᴏᴜ ᴇɴ ᴅᴇʜᴏʀs ᴅᴇ ᴛᴏᴜᴛᴇ ғᴀᴜᴛᴇ ᴅ’ᴜɴ ᴅéʙɪᴛᴇᴜʀ.
✓ ᴅɪsᴛɪɴᴄᴛɪᴏɴ ᴀᴄᴛᴇs ᴊᴜʀɪᴅɪǫᴜᴇs ᴇᴛ ғᴀɪᴛs ᴊᴜʀɪᴅɪǫᴜᴇs:
• ʟᴇs ᴀᴄᴛᴇs ᴊᴜʀɪᴅɪǫᴜᴇs sᴏɴᴛ ᴅᴇs ᴍᴀɴɪғᴇsᴛᴀᴛɪᴏɴs ᴅᴇ ʟᴀ ᴠᴏʟᴏɴᴛé éᴍᴀɴᴀɴᴛ ᴅ’ᴜɴᴇ ᴏᴜ ᴘʟᴜsɪᴇᴜʀs ᴘᴇʀsᴏɴɴᴇs, ᴄᴇs ᴀᴄᴛᴇs sᴏɴᴛ ᴅᴇsᴛɪɴés à ᴘʀᴏᴅᴜɪʀᴇ ᴅᴇs ᴇғғᴇᴛs ᴊᴜʀɪᴅɪǫᴜᴇs. ᴄᴇᴛᴛᴇ ᴍᴀɴɪғᴇsᴛᴀᴛɪᴏɴ ᴅᴇ ᴠᴏʟᴏɴᴛé ᴇsᴛ ʟᴇ ᴘʟᴜs sᴏᴜᴠᴇɴᴛ ʙɪʟᴀᴛéʀᴀʟᴇ, ʟᴇs ᴄᴏɴᴛʀᴀᴛs sᴏɴᴛ sʏɴᴀʟʟᴀɢᴍᴀᴛɪǫᴜᴇs ǫᴜɪ ᴇɴɢᴇɴᴅʀᴇɴᴛ ᴅᴇs ᴍᴀɴɪғᴇsᴛᴀᴛɪᴏɴs ʀéᴄɪᴘʀᴏǫᴜᴇs. ɪʟ ʏ ᴀ ᴀᴜssɪ ᴅᴇs ᴍᴀɴɪғᴇsᴛᴀᴛɪᴏɴs ᴜɴɪʟᴀᴛéʀᴀʟᴇs ᴄᴏᴍᴍᴇ ᴅᴀɴs ʟᴇs ᴘʀᴏᴍᴇssᴇs, ʟᴇs ᴅᴏɴᴀᴛɪᴏɴs.
•ʟᴇs ғᴀɪᴛs ᴊᴜʀɪᴅɪǫᴜᴇs sᴏɴᴛ ᴅᴇs éᴠéɴᴇᴍᴇɴᴛs ᴏᴜ ᴅᴇs ᴀɢɪssᴇᴍᴇɴᴛs ǫᴜɪ ᴘʀᴏᴅᴜɪsᴇɴᴛ ᴅᴇs ᴇғғᴇᴛs ᴅᴇ ᴅʀᴏɪᴛ ᴅᴀɴs ǫᴜᴇ ᴄᴇs ᴇғғᴇᴛs ᴀɪᴇɴᴛ éᴛé ᴅɪʀᴇᴄᴛᴇᴍᴇɴᴛ ʀᴇᴄʜᴇʀᴄʜés. ᴄ’ᴇsᴛ ʟᴇ ᴄᴀs ᴅᴇs ǫᴜᴀsɪ-ᴄᴏɴᴛʀᴀᴛs, ᴅᴇs ᴅéʟɪᴛs ᴄɪᴠɪʟs ᴇᴛ ᴅᴇs ǫᴜᴀsɪ-ᴅéʟɪᴛs ᴄɪᴠɪʟs.
ʟᴇ ᴍᴏᴛ ᴅᴜ ᴅʀᴏɪᴛ
ᴀɪᴍᴇᴢ, ᴄᴏᴍᴍᴇɴᴛᴇᴢ ᴇᴛ ᴘᴀʀᴛᴀɢᴇᴢ ʟᴀ ᴘᴜʙʟɪᴄᴀᴛɪᴏɴ ;
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