06/10/2020
The most neglected, most at risk and most important part of our agricultural system is soil.
The breakdown of soil health reduces plants ability to extract nutrients, limits water absorption capacities, reduces soil organic carbon which is necessary to draw down and sequester carbon from the atmosphere (which experts suggest is most important untapped, low cost solution to reversing global warming), reduces soil biodiversity, and increases erosion.
Here’s why it matters. Healthy soils provide healthy, nutrient-dense food. Our current plant breeding and loss of soil organic matter have produced plants lower in nutrients (2 billion malnourished in the world), higher in carbohydrates and lower in protein (leading to overweight and obesity in 2 billion and malnutrition).
Research shows that by 2050 increasing C02 levels and poor soil quality will worsen the nutrient composition of the food we grow could result in zinc deficiency for 175 million people, protein deficiency for 122 million and iron deficiency in 1 billion. There is less calcium, magnesium, iron and other minerals in the food today compared to 100 years ago.
Industrial agriculture has strip-mined this rich organic soil. After slaughtering the bison, we ran mechanized plows through the soil for years, rupturing these biological and chemical cycles. Then we added chemicals and started killing off organisms. Big fertilizer conglomerates such as Yara, Mosaic and Koch Fertilizers (yes, the Koch brothers) produce billions of tons of fertilizer using fossil fuel intensive processes. When that fertilizer is applied to farms the damage is wrought on the soil, and it weakens plants, pollutes water systems and drives huge external costs. Nitrogen fertilizer also feeds the bacteria in the soil that then belch huge amounts of nitrous oxide into the air, a greenhouse gas that has 300 times the heat trapping potential of carbon dioxide.
The key, in many ways to reversing climate change, to growing food that heals not hurts humans, and averting a global water shortage is simply to use natural principles to create new soil. It is not a theory.