14/04/2026
Difference Between Research Background, Literature Review, Research Question, Research Problem, and Research Gap
1. Research Background:
Definition and Purpose: This section introduces the research topic, providing the context, relevance, and general background information necessary to understand the study. It sets the stage by outlining key issues, historical developments, or societal needs.
Focus: Descriptive and narrative. It explains why the topic is important and leads the reader toward understanding the research problem.
Placement: Usually in the introduction of a thesis or research paper.
2. Literature Review:
Definition and Purpose: This section surveys existing scholarly work related to the topic. It identifies theories, findings, methodologies, and gaps in current research.
Focus: Analytical and evaluative. It compares, contrasts, and critiques existing studies, highlighting what has been done and what is lacking.
Placement: Typically follows the background or introduction as a separate section.
3. Research Problem:
Definition and Purpose: This is a clearly defined issue or challenge that the study aims to address. It outlines what needs to be solved or understood and is derived from gaps in the literature or real-world issues.
Focus: Specific and concise. It forms the foundation for the research question.
Placement: Clearly stated in the introduction or problem statement section.
4. Research Question:
Definition and Purpose: This is a focused, clear question that the research seeks to answer. It provides direction and scope for the study.
Focus: Inquisitive and targeted. Arises directly from the research problem.
Placement: Often stated at the end of the background or problem statement section.
5. Research Gap:
Definition and Purpose: This refers to an area where existing research is lacking, inconsistent, or insufficient. It justifies the need for the current study.
Focus: Critical identification of missing elements in the literature.