Cliff consulting Nigeria

Cliff consulting Nigeria We offer the following Services: Accounting,Taxation,computerized Accounting systems, IT Audit,Train

Cliff consulting is a firm of professional accountancy services registered with Corporate Affairs Commission. We offer professional accountancy services in the specific areas of accounting, taxation, special investigation, computerised Accounting systems, training, business and financial advisory services. Our partners have vast and long time experience in accountancy practice, having served both

the public and private sectors of the country, spanning a period of over 8 years. We plan and perform our engagements through qualified, well-trained and experienced staff and external consultants/specialists, for jobs requiring core technical expertise. Our Guiding Principle and Value is Customer Satisfaction based on Professionalism and Cost-efficiency.

17/05/2017

The Deadly ciber virus: Randomware


This is to bring to your urgent attention a global cyber-attack that, as at this moment, has recorded over 75,000 victims and spread to 99 countries. The malware being spread is a Ransomware. For some of us who may not know what this is, this is a type of malware that, once executed, encrypts all your files and demands the payment of a ransom before they can be decrypted.



What we know so far.

The Ransomware has been dubbed WannaCry, aka WanaCryp0r, aka WCry. The malware is believed to be among a cache of powerful hacking tools stolen from the NSA sometime in August last year. The attack has spread across Europe, Asia, North and South America, and some parts of Africa (Northern and Southern Africa)



Currently, the most common mode of delivery is via email. As a result, WE IMPLORE EVERYONE TO AVOID OPENING ATTACHMENTS OR CLICKING ON LINKS IN SUSPICIOUS EMAILS, OR EMAILS FROM THOSE WHO THEY DO NOT KNOW OR AREN'T EXPECTING AN EMAIL FROM. USERS SHOULD ALSO AVOID SUSPICIOUS WEBSITES.



How it works

The malware exploits a known windows vulnerability, thereby bypassing traditional anti-virus protection and granting the malware full administrative rights over the victim's computer. From this point, it starts to encrypt all the user's files. Once it's done, it locks the victim out of their computer and demands a ransom to be paid in Bitcoins.



How We Can Protect Ourselves

As mentioned earlier, be cautious about the email attachments you open or the sites you visit. As a rule of thumb you should not open attachments or click on links that are in emails from:

People you do not knowPeople you know, but aren’t expecting an attachment/link from. Call them to confir m etc.Emails that have a sense of urgency. eg. “click on this link to avoid losing access to your account…” etc.

We should be guided by common sense in this regard.

BITCOIN: THE VIRTUAL CURRENCYThe Central Bank of Nigeria has called for the regulation of the bitcoin cryptocurrency in ...
02/09/2015

BITCOIN: THE VIRTUAL CURRENCY

The Central Bank of Nigeria has called for the regulation of the bitcoin cryptocurrency in Nigeria.
BusinessDay reports that the banking body did so in a bid to control money laundering and protect consumers.
The call was made at the Anti-Money Laundering/Combating the Financing of Terrorism stakeholders’ consultative workshop in Nigeria’s capital, Abuja.
According to Dr Okwu Nnanna, deputy governor of financial system stability at Nigeria Central Bank “Virtual currency was dangerous because it was not a legal tender of any country hence it has a borderless nature without jurisdiction which makes it a channel for money laundering,”
The central bank expressed fears over the currency’s volatility in light of increased use for payment transactions and investments.
The workshop was seen as an occasion that “will further assist in laying a solid foundation for the much needed regulatory climate on the operations of virtual currency in Nigeria.”

17/08/2015

4 Habits of Billionaires You Should Follow

Dan Caplinger: One key trait most billionaires share is that they are willing to take on what many would consider to be huge amounts of risk in order to achieve their financial goals and dreams. When you look at the current ranks of billionaires, you’ll find a substantial proportion of them coming from entrepreneurs who built businesses from the ground up. Although many of these billionaires had financial support from family wealth or other sources that helped reduce the risks somewhat, the eventual success of these business enterprises typically relied on hard work, determination, and the sheer pigheadedness of refusing to accept defeat.
Risk plays a role in everyone’s financial planning. Especially with current low interest rates offering next to no income on low-risk investments, investors have discovered that taking risk is almost a necessity in order to produce the returns they want and need. Although you don’t have to shoot for the moon, as many billionaires did to reach their current success, having an idea of the goal you’re striving to achieve will make it that much easier to gauge your progress and recognize when your efforts have paid off.
By finding a risk level you can tolerate but that will still produce good returns, you can use this billionaire strategy to boost your investment returns over time.
Matt Frankel: One of the most common habits of billionaires isn’t directly related to saving, spending, or earning money — billionaires take good care of themselves. Studies have shown that wealthy people exercise more and have healthier diets than those of lesser means, and both of these things affect people in ways that can help build wealth.
According to one study, 78% of wealthy people do aerobic exercise at least four times per week, which can improve mood, boost energy levels, and promotes better sleep, all of which can increase productivity and performance at work. On the diet side, 70% of wealthy individuals consume less than 300 calories per day from junk food, in sharp contrast to just 3% of the poor who do the same. A healthy diet can reduce stress levels and increase productivity — and lead to the obvious financial benefit of fewer medical bills.
Aside from the benefits of more effective performance at work, a healthy lifestyle means you could work longer. The later years of one’s career are generally the highest-earning years, so being able to work several extra years could mean millions in extra earnings.
Now, I’m not saying this is a perfect correlation by any means. There are plenty of people in excellent shape who don’t earn much, and there are plenty of rich individuals who love junk food. In fact, Warren Buffett is notorious for his love of Coca Cola and ice cream. However, it does make sense that living a healthy life increases your chances of advancement at work, success in business, and ultimately, the ability to accumulate wealth.
Selena Maranjian: Many of the world’s richest people have one particular habit in common, and it’s likely one that has helped get them to where they are: reading.
Consider these words of Warren Buffett:
I read and read and read. I probably read five to six hours a day. I don’t read as fast now as when I was younger. But I read five daily newspapers. I read a fair number of magazines. I read 10-Ks. I read annual reports. I read a lot of other things, too. I’ve always enjoyed reading. I love reading biographies, for example.
Note that Buffett does a lot of reading that’s directly related to investing, such as company 10-Ks and annual reports, but he also reads more broadly, to learn more about what’s going on the world and in various industries. And through other books, such as biographies, he can learn more about history and various human achievements and failures. We, too, would benefit from reading much more about investing and the business world, as well as topics beyond them. Reading up on science or technology, for example, can inform our investment decisions about many companies, even if it’s just to help us realize that we don’t know enough to have confidence in them.
Bill Gates, even richer than Buffett, is also a voracious reader. He said, “I read while traveling, waiting for meetings, in the evening, and especially on vacation.” Now that he’s a major philanthropist, he doesn’t just read briefs and write checks, but he reads deeply on the issues he cares about: “I might read more about diseases than about any other subject.”
So, what should you read? Well, perhaps start with some investing classics: Peter Lynch’sOne Up on Wall Street, Philip Fisher’s Common Sense and Uncommon Profits, and Benjamin Graham’s The Intelligent Investor.
Jason Hall: If you look at the most successful billionaires in the business world, the one common trait that jumps out is how focused most of them are on the thing that has made them super wealthy.
Take 84-year-old Warren Buffett, who made himself into perhaps the best capital allocator in history, building Berkshire Hathaway into one of the greatest investments of all time, through both his stock-buying prowess and his ability to acquire amazing, cash-cow businesses and then integrate them into Berkshire.
On the other end of the spectrum is Facebook founder, chairman, and CEO Mark Zuckerberg, who only turned 31 this year, and has remained focused on building that business into the world’s dominant social network.
The reality is this: Do-it-all billionaires like Elon Musk — who runs two companies, SpaceX and Tesla Motors, and is chairman, largest investor, and co-founder of a third, SolarCity — are the exception.
For the most part, wealthy people get that way by focusing on something that offers huge opportunity, and that they excel at. It’s no different for world-class athletes.
Excelling at anything takes both skill and dedication. We could all learn this lesson and apply it to our own lives, whether it’s relationships, our career, or how we invest.
Read More: www.fool.com

07/07/2015

International Bitcoin company, BitX, has announced that it will be launching its Bitcoin Wallet, Exchange and Merchant services in Nigeria.

27/05/2015

Spear Phishing/ Smishing / Vishing: Scam

“The spear phisher thrives on familiarity. He knows your name, your email address, phone number, and at least a little about you.”

Introduction

The latest twist on phishing is spear phishing. No, it's not a game, it's a scam and you're the target. Spear phishing is an email that appears to be from an individual or business that you know. But it isn't. It's from the same criminal hackers who want your credit card, ATM card and bank account numbers, Pin, secret questions, passwords, and the financial information on your PC. Learn how to protect yourself.

Email from a "Friend"

The spear phisher thrives on familiarity. He knows your name, your email address, and at least a little about you. The salutation on the email message is likely to be personalized: "Hi Eze/Atiku/Toyin" instead of "Dear Sir." The email may make reference to a "mutual friend." Or to a recent online purchase you've made. Because the email seems to come from someone you know, you may be less vigilant and give them the information they ask for. And when it's a company you know asking for urgent action, you may be tempted to act before thinking.
How do you become a target of a spear phisher? From the information you put on the Internet from your PC or smartphone. For example, they might scan social networking sites, find your page, your email address, your friends list, and a recent post by you telling friends about the cool new camera you bought at an online retail site (like Jumia, Konga,eBay etc). Using that information, a spear phisher could pose as a friend, send you an email, and ask you for a password to your photo page. If you respond with the password, they'll try that password and variations to try to access your account on that online retail site you mentioned. If they find the right one, they'll use it to run up a nice tab for you. Or the spear phisher might use the same information to pose as somebody from the online retailer and ask you to reset your password, or re-verify your credit card number. If you do, he'll do you financial harm.

Remember to always Keep Your Secrets Secret……………

How safe you and your information remain depends in part on you being careful. Take a look at your online presence. How much information is out there about you that could be pieced together to scam you? Your name? Email address? Family member’s names? Friends' names? Their email addresses? Are you on, for example, any of the popular social networking sites? Take a look at your posts. Anything there you don't want a scammer to know? Or have you posted something on a friend's page that might reveal too much?

How Phishing Works

Suppose you check your e-mail one day and find a message from your bank. You've gotten e-mail from them before, but this one seems suspicious, especially since it threatens to close your account if you don't reply immediately. What do you do?
This message and others like it are examples of phishing, a method of online identity theft. In addition to stealing personal and financial data, phishers can infect computers with viruses and convince people to participate unwittingly in money laundering.
Most people associate phishing with e-mail messages that spoof, or mimic, banks, credit card companies or other business like jumia, konga, Amazon and eBay. These messages look authentic and attempt to get victims to reveal their personal information. But e-mail messages are only one small piece of a phishing scam.
From beginning to end, the process involves:

1. Planning. Phishers decide which business to target and determine how to get e-mail addresses for the customers of that business. They often use the same mass-mailing and address collection techniques as spammers.

2. Setup. Once they know which business to spoof and who their victims are, phishers create methods for delivering the message and collecting the data. Most often, this involves e-mail addresses, Phone numbers and a Web page.

3. Attack. This is the step people are most familiar with -- the phisher sends a phony message that appears to be from a reputable source.

4. Collection. Phishers record the information victims enter into Web pages or popup windows (Pharming Attack).

5. Identity Theft and Fraud. The phishers use the information they've gathered to make illegal purchases or otherwise commit fraud. As many as a fourth of the victims never fully recover Oops.
If the phisher wants to coordinate another attack, he evaluates the successes and failures of the completed scam and begins the cycle again.

Phishing scams take advantages of software and security weaknesses on both the client and server sides. But even the most high-tech phishing scams work like old-fashioned con jobs, in which a hustler convinces his mark that he is reliable and trustworthy.

Next steps the phishers take is to convince victims that their messages are legitimate.
Since most people won't reveal their bank account, credit card number or password to just anyone, phishers have to take extra steps to trick their victims into giving up this information. This kind of deceptive attempt to get information is called social engineering.
Phishers often use real company logos and copy legitimate e-mail messages, replacing the links with ones that direct the victim to a fraudulent page. They use spoofed, or fake, e-mail addresses in the "From:" and "Reply-to" fields of the message, and they obfuscate links to make them look legitimate. But recreating the appearance of an official message is just part of the process.
Most phishing messages give the victim a reason to take immediate action, prompting him to act first and think later. Messages often threaten the victim with account cancellation if he doesn't reply promptly. Some thank the victim for making a purchase he never made. Since the victim doesn't want to lose money he didn't really spend, he follows the message's link and winds up giving the phishers exactly the sort of information he was afraid they had in the first place.
In addition, a lot of people trust automatic processes, believing them to be free from human error. That's why many messages claim that a computerized audit or other automated process has revealed that something is amiss with the victim's account. The victim is more likely to believe that someone has been trying to break into his account than believe that the computer doing the audit made a mistake.

Anti-Phishing
The steps you normally take to protect your computer, like using a firewall and anti-virus software, can help protect you from phishing. You can review Web sites' SSL certificates and your own bank and credit card statements for an extra measure of safety.

In addition, phishers tend to leave some telltale signs in their e-mail messages and Web pages. When you read your e-mail, you should be on the lookout for:

1. Generic greetings, like "Dear Customer." If your bank sends you an official correspondence, it should have your full name on it.
2. Threats to your account and requests for immediate action, such as "Please reply within five business days or we will cancel your account." Most companies want you as a customer and are not likely to be so quick to lose your business.
3. Requests for personal information. Most businesses didn't ask for personal information by phone or through e-mail even before phishing became a widespread practice.
4. Suspicious links. Links that are longer than normal, contain the @ symbol or are misspelled could be signs of phishing. It's safer to type the business's URL into your browser than to click on any link sent in e-mail.
5. Misspellings and poor grammar.

Other Safeguard/ controls

1. Passwords That Work
Think about your passwords. Do you use just one or easy to figure out variations on just one? If you do either, you shouldn't, because you're making it easy for a scammer to get access to your personal financial information. Every password for every site you visit should be different, really different. Random letters and numbers work best. Change them frequently. Your Internet security software and operating system can help you keep track of your passwords.

2. Patches, Updates, and Security Software
When you get notices from software vendors to update your software, do it. Most operating system and browser updates include security patches. Your name and email address may be all it takes for a hacker to slip through a security hole into your system. And it almost goes without saying, you should be protected by Internet security software, and it should always be up to date.

3. Be Smart
If a "friend" “Bank” Job Hunt sites” emails and asks for a password or other information, call or email (in a separate email) that friend to verify that they were really who contacted you. The same goes for banks and businesses. First of all, legitimate businesses won't email you asking for passwords or account numbers. If you think the email might be real, call the bank or business and ask. Or visit the official website. Most banks have an email address to which you can forward suspicious emails for verification.

And always remember: Don't give up too much personal information online, because you never know who might use it against you.

In conclusion when responding to Phishing, that is If you get an e-mail that you believe is a phishing attempt, you should not reply to it, click on the links or provide your personal information. Instead, you should report the attempt to the business being spoofed. Use their Web site or phone number rather than following links in the suspect e-mail.

Thank you for reading, I hope this little article helped. like, share, and also invite your friends

25/05/2015

Hello good people. This post relate to kinds of fraud scheme associated with mostly investment. I taught i should share the knowledge in other not to fall a victim. its painful to invest hard earned money in the hands of fraudsters. there are Ponzi scheme and Pyramid Scheme.............. READ BELOW!!!

“Ponzi’ Schemes

“Ponzi” schemes promise high financial returns or dividends not available through traditional investments. Instead of investing the funds of victims, however, the con artist pays “dividends” to initial investors using the funds of subsequent investors. The scheme generally falls apart when the operator flees with all of the proceeds or when a sufficient number of new investors cannot be found to allow the continued payment of “dividends.”

This type of fraud is named after its creator—Charles Ponzi of Boston, Massachusetts. In the early 1900s, Ponzi launched a scheme that guaranteed investors a 50 percent return on their investment in postal coupons. Although he was able to pay his initial backers, the scheme dissolved when he was unable to pay later investors.

Tips for Avoiding Ponzi Schemes:

- Be careful of any investment opportunity that makes exaggerated earnings claims.

- Exercise due diligence in selecting investments and the people with whom you invest—in other words, do your homework.
Consult an unbiased third party—like an unconnected broker or licensed financial advisor—before investing.

Pyramid Schemes

As in Ponzi schemes, the money collected from newer victims of the fraud is paid to earlier victims to provide a veneer of legitimacy. In pyramid schemes, however, the victims themselves are induced to recruit further victims through the payment of recruitment commissions.

More specifically, pyramid schemes—also referred to as franchise fraud or chain referral schemes—are marketing and investment frauds in which an individual is offered a distributorship or franchise to market a particular product. The real profit is earned, not by the sale of the product, but by the sale of new distributorships. Emphasis on selling franchises rather than the product eventually leads to a point where the supply of potential investors is exhausted and the pyramid collapses. At the heart of each pyramid scheme is typically a representation that new participants can recoup their original investments by inducing two or more prospects to make the same investment. Promoters fail to tell prospective participants that this is mathematically impossible for everyone to do, since some participants drop out, while others recoup their original investments and then drop out.

Tips for Avoiding Pyramid Schemes:

- Be wary of “opportunities” to invest your money in franchises or investments that require you to bring in subsequent investors to increase your profit or recoup your initial investment.

- Independently verify the legitimacy of any franchise or investment before you invest.

Thank you for reading, I hope this little article helped. like, share, and also invite your friends

What is Bitcoin?Bitcoin is a consensus network that enables a new payment system and a completely digital money. It is t...
24/05/2015

What is Bitcoin?
Bitcoin is a consensus network that enables a new payment system and a completely digital money. It is the first decentralized peer-to-peer payment network that is powered by its users with no central authority or middlemen. From a user perspective, Bitcoin is pretty much like cash for the Internet. Bitcoin can also be seen as the most prominent triple in existence.
Bitcoin is the first implementation of a concept called "cryptocurrency", which was first described in 1998 by Wei Dai on the cypherpunks mailing list, suggesting the idea of a new form of money that uses cryptography to control its creation and transactions, rather than a central authority. The first Bitcoin specification and proof of concept was published in 2009 in a cryptography mailing list by Satoshi Nakamoto. Satoshi left the project in late 2010 without revealing much about himself. The community has since grown exponentially with many developers working on Bitcoin.
Satoshi's anonymity often raised unjustified concerns, many of which are linked to misunderstanding of the open-source nature of Bitcoin. The Bitcoin protocol and software are published openly and any developer around the world can review the code or make their own modified version of the Bitcoin software. Just like current developers, Satoshi's influence was limited to the changes he made being adopted by others and therefore he did not control Bitcoin. As such, the identity of Bitcoin's inventor is probably as relevant today as the identity of the person who invented paper.

A big question to ask Who controls the Bitcoin network?

Nobody owns the Bitcoin network much like no one owns the technology behind email. Bitcoin is controlled by all Bitcoin users around the world. While developers are improving the software, they can't force a change in the Bitcoin protocol because all users are free to choose what software and version they use. In order to stay compatible with each other, all users need to use software complying with the same rules. Bitcoin can only work correctly with a complete consensus among all users. Therefore, all users and developers have a strong incentive to protect this consensus.

How does Bitcoin work?

From a user perspective, Bitcoin is nothing more than a mobile app or computer program that provides a personal Bitcoin wallet and allows a user to send and receive bitcoins with them. This is how Bitcoin works for most users.

Behind the scenes, the Bitcoin network is sharing a public ledger called the "block chain". This ledger contains every transaction ever processed, allowing a user's computer to verify the validity of each transaction. The authenticity of each transaction is protected by digital signatures corresponding to the sending addresses, allowing all users to have full control over sending bitcoins from their own Bitcoin addresses. In addition, anyone can process transactions using the computing power of specialized hardware and earn a reward in bitcoins for this service. This is often called "mining".

There is a growing number of businesses and individuals using Bitcoin. This includes brick and mortar businesses like restaurants, apartments, law firms, and popular online services such as Namecheap, Badoo, WordPress, and Reddit. While Bitcoin remains a relatively new phenomenon, it is growing fast. At the end of August 2013, the value of all bitcoins in circulation exceeded US$ 1.5 billion with millions of dollars worth of bitcoins exchanged daily.

How does one acquire bitcoins?
• As payment for goods or services.
• Purchase bitcoins at a Bitcoin exchange.
• Exchange bitcoins with someone near you.
• Earn bitcoins through competitive mining.

While it may be possible to find individuals who wish to sell bitcoins in exchange for a credit card or PayPal payment, most exchanges do not allow funding via these payment methods. This is due to cases where someone buys bitcoins with PayPal, and then reverses their half of the transaction. This is commonly referred to as a chargeback.

There is so much to talk about bitcoin but in a nutshell below are the advantages and disadvantages of the may be future currency (Bitcoin).

Advantages of Bitcoin

• Payment freedom - It is possible to send and receive any amount of money instantly anywhere in the world at any time. No bank holidays. No borders. No imposed limits. Bitcoin allows its users to be in full control of their money.

• Very low fees - Bitcoin payments are currently processed with either no fees or extremely small fees. Users may include fees with transactions to receive priority processing, which results in faster confirmation of transactions by the network. Additionally, merchant processors exist to assist merchants in processing transactions, converting bitcoins to fiat currency and depositing funds directly into merchants' bank accounts daily. As these services are based on Bitcoin, they can be offered for much lower fees than with PayPal or credit card networks.

• Fewer risks for merchants - Bitcoin transactions are secure, irreversible, and do not contain customers’ sensitive or personal information. This protects merchants from losses caused by fraud or fraudulent chargebacks, and there is no need for PCI compliance. Merchants can easily expand to new markets where either credit cards are not available or fraud rates are unacceptably high. The net results are lower fees, larger markets, and fewer administrative costs.

• Security and control - Bitcoin users are in full control of their transactions; it is impossible for merchants to force unwanted or unnoticed charges as can happen with other payment methods. Bitcoin payments can be made without personal information tied to the transaction. This offers strong protection against identity theft. Bitcoin users can also protect their money with backup and encryption.

• Transparent and neutral - All information concerning the Bitcoin money supply itself is readily available on the block chain for anybody to verify and use in real-time. No individual or organization can control or manipulate the Bitcoin protocol because it is cryptographically secure. This allows the core of Bitcoin to be trusted for being completely neutral, transparent and predictable.

Disadvantages of Bitcoin

• Degree of acceptance - Many people are still unaware of Bitcoin. Every day, more businesses accept bitcoins because they want the advantages of doing so, but the list remains small and still needs to grow in order to benefit from network effects.

• Volatility - The total value of bitcoins in circulation and the number of businesses using Bitcoin are still very small compared to what they could be. Therefore, relatively small events, trades, or business activities can significantly affect the price. In theory, this volatility will decrease as Bitcoin markets and the technology matures. Never before has the world seen a start-up currency, so it is truly difficult (and exciting) to imagine how it will play out.

• Ongoing development - Bitcoin software is still in beta with many incomplete features in active development. New tools, features, and services are being developed to make Bitcoin more secure and accessible to the masses. Some of these are still not ready for everyone. Most Bitcoin businesses are new and still offer no insurance. In general, Bitcoin is still in the process of maturing.

With this little discussion about Bitcoin I hope you have learned something. Don’t forget to share, like and invite your friends. Thank you.
.

24/05/2015

Do you know about Bitcoin?... Bitcoin can be the future currency. Let's share views about it.

Here comes your post on "The significance of Personal Financial Discipline and Liquidity Management" Enjoy!More often th...
24/05/2015

Here comes your post on "The significance of Personal Financial Discipline and Liquidity Management" Enjoy!

More often than not, Individuals, Businesses, Entrepreneurs, SMEs, Partnerships, companies, NGOs and all kinds Institutions face avoidable financial hickups such as being unable to meet up with immediate financial demands, needs and obligations or more technically illiquidity or bankruptcy or if I may say "Cashruptcy" too. However, Our main Focus here is how; as a person you can assume the culture of financial discipline and obliterated from illiquidity cashlessness or in quote "Cashruptcy"

A lot of the tasks that are needed to get ahead financially are really quite simple and "commonsensical". Things like:
• saving regularly,
• buying Registered Retirement Pension Scheme,
• paying off debt,
• spending less than you earn, and
• viable investment schemes.
As simple as these may seem, they are not so easy to do because it requires the culture of discipline.
If you had wanted to become financially independent, what would you have to do? What are the important disciplines to help you get ahead financially? There are lots of theories out there; some are wacky, wild and crazy. For me, it’s really more about common sense than anything else. For me, there are five key disciplines to financial success;

1. A DISCIPLINED SAVINGS PLAN:- Pay yourself first! However little you earn, however much you earn, however rich you are and however poor you think you are, pay yourself first! Have a fixed account or a piggy bank and make sure you put in a Naira into it before any other thing. let it be an attitude.

2. A DISCIPLINED SPENDING PLAN:- The nitty gritty of this point isn't just to spend on your needs but The Discipline to spend within the bugdet.

3. DO NOT! AND NEVER BORROW TO SPEND BUT TO INVEST:- The attitude of banking on expectation is usually the cunning bait to borrowing for the single reason to spend. If you have as a Habith the preceding points I have made, you wouldn't fall to the trap of even needing to borrow for your mere unexpected financial demands. To this point however is to adopt strictly the popular say " a bird in hand is worth more than thousands in the bush"

4. INVESTMENT DECISION:- What to put in mind are; is it a trendy business? How frequent is the cash sales turnover rate? Does it serve a need? And many more to consider on. Check on our Investment Appraisal/Business Advisory service products.

5. Be consistent!

Did I miss any other disciplines worth sharing?

Stay true to your disciplines and success will follow. Good luck!

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