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21/08/2020

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08/07/2020

FOWL POX
Today,our lessons will be on one of the poultry most threatening diseases "Fowl Pox"

What is Fowl Pox?

Fowlpox is a worldwide viral contagious disease of poultry caused by viruses of the family Poxviridae and the genus Avipoxvirus. The viruses causing fowlpox are distinct from one another but antigenically similar, possible hosts includes chickens, turkeys, quail, and other specie of birds.
Fowl pox disease are in two forms.
The first is spread by biting insects (mostly mosquitoes) and wound contamination and causes lesions on the comb, wattles, and beak. Birds affected by this form usually recover within a few weeks. The second form is spread by inhalation of the virus and causes a diphtheritic membrane to form in the mouth, pharynx, larynx, and sometimes the trachea. The prognosis for this form is poor.
Most birds survive the infections, although very young or weak birds may be lost.

WAYS OF TRANSMISSION

The virus is transmitted to birds mostly by biting insects, mostly mosquitoes.
The virus can also be transmitted to other chickens through an infected birds Scab secretions and blood (hot debris),skin dander,feather debris and sloughed off
scabs.

SYMPTOMS OF FOWL POX

Symptoms generally persist several weeks in a bird,and several months in a flock.

📍 Dry pox Symptoms: Initial stages of pox in a bird are Raised lesions or blisters on the comb,face and wattles. Blisters evolve into larger bumps,and finally dark colored,wart looking scabs.

📍 Wet pox Symptoms: leisons inside the mouth and throat,and this could be life threatening.
Other symptoms includes;

📍 Drop in egg production,in laying birds
📍Loss of appetite
📍Loss in weight etc.

TREATMENT
There is no permanent cure for fowl pox,but preventative measures can be taken to avoid secondary Bacteria,and further spread of the virus.

📍 Uninfected flock should be vaccinated against fowl pox
📍 Treat Scabs with an iodine solution
📍 Apply ointment to soften scabs,use until scabs heals
📍Clean the pen with a sanitizer and detergents before restocking
📍 Addition of polidine or any other iodine solution into the water till disease subsides is good
📍 Give Pox off,pox care or pox treat
📍 Practice a good biosecurity management.






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30/06/2020

Piece of advice

Today we will be discussing about one of the most ruthless diseases in poultry production.

NEWCASTLE DISEASES

What is Newcastle Disease?

Newcastle Disease is a highly contagious viral infection that affects many species of domestic and other bird species with virulent Newcastle disease virus (NDV).
Domestic fowls, turkeys, pigeons are most susceptible while a mild form of the disease affects ducks, geese, quail and guinea fowl. It is a worldwide problem that presents primarily as an acute respiratory or digestive disease, or diarrhea may be the predominant clinical form an ad drop in egg production,profuse diarrhoea followed by collapse, or long-term nervous signs (such as twisted necks), if the birds survive.
Severe forms of the disease are highly fatal.

What causes Newcastle Disease?

Newcastle Disease is caused by a paramyxovirus that can vary in pathogenicity from mild to highly pathogenic.
Onset of the disease is rapid, and signs appear throughout the flock within 2–12 days (average 5) after aerosol exposure.Young birds are the most susceptible.
Observed signs depend on whether the infecting virus has a predilection for respiratory, digestive, or nervous systems.

Ways of Contamination

Spread is usually by direct physical contact with infected or diseased birds. The virus is present in litter and is breathed out into the air.
Other sources of infection are contaminated equipment, carcasses, water, food and clothing. People can easily carry the virus from one shed or farm to another.
Newcastle Disease virus does not affect humans in the same way that it does birds but it can cause conjunctivitis in humans.

Signs of Newcastle Diseases

NERVOUS SIGNS:

Nervous signs of Newcastle diseases are; tremors, paralyzed wings and legs, twisted necks, circling, clonic spasms, and complete paralysis may accompany, but usually follow, the respiratory signs in neurotropic velogenic disease. Nervous signs with diarrhea are typical in pigeons, and nervous signs are frequently seen in exotic bird species.

RESPIRATORY SIGNS:

Respiratory signs of Newcastle diseases are; watery greenish diarrhea, and swelling of the tissues of the head and neck are typical of the most virulent form of the disease, viscerotropic velogenic Newcastle disease, although nervous signs are often seen, especially in vaccinated poultry. Varying degrees of depression and inappetence are seen. Partial or complete cessation of egg production may occur. Eggs may be abnormal in color, shape, or surface and have watery albumen. Mortality is variable but can be as high as 100% with NDV infections. Well-vaccinated birds may not show any signs of being infected except for a decrease in egg production, but these birds will shed virus in saliva and f***s. Poorly vaccinated birds may develop torticollis, ataxia, or body and head tremors 10–14 days after infection and may recover with supportive care.

Prevention and treatment of Newcastle Disease

There is no treatment for Newcastle Disease, although treatment with antibiotics to control secondary infections may assist. The virus can remain alive in manure for up to 2 months and in dead carcasses for up to 12 months, however it is easily killed by disinfectants, fumigants and direct sunlight. Prevention relies on good quarantine and biosecurity procedures and vaccination. Newcastle Disease vaccination of commercial meat and egg layer chickens is advisable.






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18/06/2020

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