30/03/2022
How big is Africa's Shadow Economy?
How big is Africa's shadow economy? According to Schneider, Friedrich, and Dominik H. Enste. 2000 in their report titled "Shadow Economies: Size, Causes, and Consequences" published in the Journal of Economic Literature, 38 (1): 77-114, Africa's economy could be 40% bigger than reported! Using various methods, the report estimates that the "size of the shadow economy in 76 developing, transition, and OECD countries varies from 12 percent of GDP for OECD countries, to 23 percent for transition countries and 39 percent for developing countries. Increasing taxation and social security contributions combined with rising state regulations are driving forces for the increase of the shadow economy, especially in OECD countries. According to some findings, corruption has a positive impact on the size of the shadow economy, and a growing shadow economy has a negative effect on official GDP growth." By these estimates, Africa's GDP estimated by Wikipedia at $2.6 trillion in 2019 was actually about $3.6 trillion in the review year with Nigeria, Africa's biggest economy having GDP of $700 billion rather than the $500 billion currently reported. African governments and development partners must put deliberate policies in place to bring the millions of MSMEs operating undercover into the formal economy. This discussion must be front and center in the decade leading up to 2030 if inclusive development and the SDGs must be achieved.