04/08/2022
Transabdominal scanning of sheep/goat allows for a very efficient and accurate means of
detecting pregnancy. The ideal window of pregnancy for transabdominal scanning is day 40-70. The most commonly used probes are variable frequency 3-5 mHz linear probes or 3 mHz sector scanning probes. Pregnancy can be detected early via transabdominal scanning using higher resolution units. However, the fetal compartment is small and easier to miss at this stage. Hence the recommendation of a minimum of 40 days. Producers interested in this application are advised to limit ram/buck exposure to no more than 2 estrus cycles (34 days in sheep and 42 days in goats) if a single scanning session is desired. Ideally, one would schedule scanning for 40 days following ram/buck removal. Pregnancy can also be detected with higher frequency probes (5-10 mHz) that are inserted in the re**um with a special, plastic extension tool. This allows placement of the probe closer to the gravid uterus, allowing visualization of pregnancy as early as day 18, with a conceptus size of less than 0.8 cm. The need for detection this early would likely be only in special cases when very early detection is desired and is not a general need.
It is possible to take measurements early in pregnancy of the size of the embryonic vesicle or, later, of various anatomical features of the fetus (biparietal diameter, crown to rump length, length of fused metacarpal bone) and apply these measures to a table to predict fetal age with accuracy. More recently, these predictive values have also been made available through phone applications or in-built in the machine. Each of these fetal measures has an optimal range for use with these ranges overlapping as follows: embryonic vesicle day 28-40, crown to rump length day 40-70, biparietal diameter day 40-100. As pregnancy progresses beyond day 70, it becomes harder to take these measurements, however, as the distance to fetus may be too great due to fetal positioning within the gravid uterus.