18/01/2019
Silicon, 14Si
General properties
Pronunciation /ˈsɪlɪkən/ (SIL-ə-kən)
Appearance crystalline, reflective with bluish-tinged faces
Standard atomic weight (Ar, standard) [28.084, 28.086] conventional: 28.085
Physical properties
Phase at STP solid
Melting point 1687 K (1414 °C, 2577 °F)
Boiling point 3538 K (3265 °C, 5909 °F)
Density (near r.t.) 2.3290 g/cm3
when liquid (at m.p.) 2.57 g/cm3
Heat of fusion 50.21 kJ/mol
Heat of vaporization 383 kJ/mol
Molar heat capacity 19.789 J/(mol·K)
Atomic properties
Oxidation states −4, −3, −2, −1, +1[1] +2, +3, +4 (an amphoteric oxide)
Electronegativity Pauling scale: 1.90
Ionization energies
1st: 786.5 kJ/mol
2nd: 1577.1 kJ/mol
3rd: 3231.6 kJ/mol
(more)
Atomic radius empirical: 111 pm
Covalent radius 111 pm
Van der Waals radius 210 pm
