11/09/2022
Climate Change & Emergency for Biodiversity
There are signs that rising temperatures are affecting biodiversity, while changing rainfall patterns, extreme weather events and ocean acidification are putting pressure on species already threatened by other human activities.
The climate emergency and the biodiversity crisis are inextricably linked and must be addressed in parallel. Alongside the fight against climate change, humanity must act to stop the decline of biodiversity and begin its restoration. Planning, land use and farming systems must be adapted to work with nature.
It is becoming increasingly clear that biodiversity and climate change are intrinsically linked and that the two must be tackled together – it is, therefore, a twin emergency. Strong compelling reasons why organizations should also consider their exposure to the risk of biodiversity loss are also becoming increasingly clear.
What does biodiversity mean?
Biodiversity can be defined as the biological variety and variability of life on our planet. This includes differences between individuals, the range of species within ecosystems, and the range of ecosystems within landscapes or biomes. In practical terms, we generally think of biodiversity as being about species – the numbers of species associated with certain ecosystems or that are present in a geographically defined area, such as a country.
What happens to biodiversity?
Species and habitat are rapidly declining for a variety of reasons. These include both the more obvious, such as the elimination of virgin forests or elephants being killed for their tusks, and the less obvious, such as rare plants being supplanted by species that benefit more heavily from fertilizers and l lack of disturbance due to trampling and grazing by large mammals. Some effects can take years to manifest, making it difficult to assess cause and effect. In recent years, the biodiversity crisis has become a real emergency: it is estimated that more than one million species are currently threatened with extinction due to human activity, with species disappearing between 50 and 100 times the rate natural, and we must accept that traditional conservation measures often fail.
We are aware that biodiversity brings too many benefits to list here, but a timely example is the climate crisis: active peat lands sequester (bind) atmospheric carbon and store it as peat, which accumulates because waterlogging conditions prevent decomposition. But many bogs have been drained, e.g. to improve land for livestock grazing or for timber production and, instead of being sinks, they are sources of carbon as peat dries up. Restoring the hydrology of drained peat lands before the peat disappears can help bring active peat lands back – and with them, their important function as carbon sinks.
The diversity of ecosystems and landscapes also increases resilience to extreme weather conditions, one of the effects of climate change. Moderate forest temperatures
Mitigate the impacts of climate change on biodiversity
The biodiversity emergency is man-made and is at an all-time high. But it will also only be thanks to human ingenuity and the will to change the situation that the damage can be repaired and that functional and adapted ecosystems can reappear. We have to think big here; in general, biodiversity levels do not survive being limited to small isolated islands, ie how many existing nature reserves can be considered; some species survive but others decline and eventually become extinct, and they cannot then cross the sea of agriculture and other human land uses to recolonize the reserve. We need to implement landscape-scale biodiversity projects to restore sustainable and resilient systems.
Climate change is a major threat to biodiversity, ecosystem services and human well-being. Mitigating its effects on living organisms and societies is increasingly at the heart of environmental management strategies, which must rely on the best available science to be successful. It is therefore up to everyone to aim to:
• Identify the populations, species and ecosystems most vulnerable to climate change and prioritize conservation actions
• Improve our understanding of the drivers and consequences of climate change-induced species redistributions
• Develop, implement and promote wildlife-based measures to mitigate climate change.
Yes, as humans, we must fight to protect all species and fight climate change because that will help us preserve the ecosystem.