04/21/2026
Ever been confused by your medical lab results?
You get your results back, and for the umpteenth time, you are confused, or angry, or frustrated.
Clearly, the system is not designed to make you feel confident that you and your health care providers are doing the right thing. Or that they can explain things to you correctly. Or even that the right tests were done.
Tomorrow, I’m launching a PDF guide about how to face lab results, based on my own voluminous experience dealing with two auto-immune diseases, plus stroke, cancer, hypertension, diabetes, any hypoglycemia.
But today I’d like to offer some encouragement, if you can call it that, on how to navigate the territory. I want to save you the dozens of hours of wild-goose chases I have gone through, by not understanding how the system works.
For reference: I happen to have a bunch of medical conditions ALL OF WHOSE RESPECTIVE MEDICATIONS CONFLICT WITH EACH OTHER. So I’ve spent a lot of time in labs.
Here are the top 5 complaints people have about medical lab tests — and what you can do about each one:
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1. Confusing Results You Can't Understand
Studies show that 67% of patients report confusion about their lab results — including medical terminology, reference ranges, and what the values actually mean for their health. Over a third of patients are unsure whether they even understood their results at all.
What to do: Before leaving your appointment, ask your doctor to explain each result in plain language. Write down or screenshot your results and use trusted sources like the NIH's MedlinePlus to look up terms.
You can also ask your provider's patient portal for a plain-language summary, or bring results to a pharmacist — they're often underutilized and great at explaining numbers.
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2. Surprise Bills & Hidden Costs
Patients are increasingly frustrated by long wait times and unpredictable expenses in traditional healthcare, which is partly why millions are now turning to direct-to-consumer lab services.
What to do: Always ask upfront: "Is this test covered by my insurance?" and "What's the cash price?" You can also use tools like GoodRx, Singlecare.com, or request itemized bills after the fact. If billed unexpectedly, you have the right to negotiate or dispute charges.
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3. Too Many Unnecessary Tests
Research reviewing 177 hospitalized patients found that nearly 90% received at least one unnecessary test, and roughly one-third of all tests ordered were deemed superfluous. Unnecessary tests can trigger a "cascade of care" — a chain of follow-up tests and procedures that can cost patients thousands of dollars and cause significant anxiety, even when the original finding turns out to be nothing.
What to do: Don't be afraid to ask your doctor why a test is being ordered and what will change based on the result. The nonprofit initiative Choosing Wisely (choosingwisely.org) publishes lists of tests that are commonly overused — it's a great resource to review before appointments.
Personal experience: I once estimated that I saved $2000, 5 lab visits, and 30 hours by assiduously using choosingwisely.org. If your medical situation is complicated, it can be invaluable.
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4. Lab Errors & Mistakes
Lab errors can range from samples being mixed up or improperly stored, to results being reported to the wrong doctor or never communicated to the patient at all — with consequences ranging from delayed treatment to misdiagnosis and even death.
Common grounds for lab negligence include contamination, wrong result reporting, mixing up samples, and failing to send reports in a timely manner.
What to do: Always follow up if you haven't received results within the expected timeframe. If a result seems off or doesn't match your symptoms, advocate for a retest. Keep copies of all your lab results for your own records — don't assume your providers are coordinating perfectly.
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5. Health Care Providers Who Misinterpret Results
Research has found that many physicians misunderstand test results or overestimate how accurate tests are — particularly around false positives. This can lead to major medical decisions being made based on incorrect assumptions.
What to do: If a result comes back abnormal, ask your doctor: "How likely is it that this is a true positive?" and "What are the next steps before we take action?" Getting a second opinion from a specialist before pursuing invasive follow-up procedures is always reasonable and within your rights.
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The through-line across all five? Being an informed, proactive patient makes a real difference. Ask questions, keep records, and don't hesitate to push back.
I’m going to be creating a Substack Community about these issues, and I’d love your input. I’m especially Hero's Journey Interactiverested in your tips on navigating the medical labs labyrinth.
Please comment if you’d like to share your experience with others, and share and repost to someone you love if you found this valuable.