08/04/2026
Askāh
Pine
Pinus strobus
White pine
Askāh Apēwanāskaton
Pine Pollen/Pine Pitch
Name:
Pinus, from Greek, pitus or pine, fir tree
Strobus, from Latin for gum tree from Carmania
Common name, soft white wood tree
Taxonomy: Kingdom Plantae, the plants
Division Coniferophyta, conifers
Class Pinosida
Order Pinales
Family Pinaceae, Pines, Fir and Spruce
Genus Pinus, Pines
Taxonomic serial # 183385
Physical Description:
Cones slender, tapering, 2-winged seeds per scale. Buds resinous and sticky, aromatic. Needles soft, green in bundles of five, evergreen. Branches whorled, slightly upturned at tips. Smooth spreading. Bark brown, thickening as tree ages, deeply furrowed with scaly plates. Roots spreading moderately deep, no taproot.
Height 90 to 120 feet. Age 250 years to 450 years old.
Habitat:
Shade tolerance is intermediate. Soils: All soil types within the Reservation. Favors wetland borders also well drained soils (sandy).
Insects:
White Pine Weevil (Pissodes strobi Peck).
Diseases: White Pine Blister Rust (Cronartium ribicola).
Dominates pine forest ecosystem. Lower soil PH limit of 4.0 New regeneration requires three years in microclimate from native plants to establish.
Fire:
Moderate fire resistance. Needles not highly flammable. Older trees Survive due to thick bark. Natural fire regime is 5–50-year intervals. Menominee fire regime long ago was seven-year intervals following four-year seasonal cycle. Upon movement to next seasonal encampment. Bark would thicken due to multiple low intensity fires. Fuel conditions consisted of continuous needle layer with low forb and Shrub layer and a dense understory young pine (colonization from Neighboring pine).
Companion Trees:
Black Cherry (Prunus serotina), Bigtoothed Aspen (Populus Grandidentata), Quaking Aspen (Populus remuloides), White Birch (Betula papyrifera).
Shrubs: Sandy sites- sweetfern (Comptonia peregrine), wintergreen (Gaultheria porcumbens), blueberries (Vacciniom angustifolium), Vacciniom myrtilloides). Moist sites- partridgeberry (Mitchella repens).
Herbs: Large-leaf Aster (Aster macrophyllus), Jack in the Pulpit Arisema triphyllum), Wild Saraparilla (Aralia nudicaulis), Woodsorrel (Oxalis Montana), Bracken fern (Pteridium Aquilinum). Clubmosses.
Animals: Mice squirrels and chipmunks feed on seeds and needles. White tail deer feed on twigs. Porcupine feed on limb bark. Black bears scratch bark to mark trails and for climbing. Black Bear tends to now favor pine plantations to den.
Birds: Bald Eagles nest in large white pine.
Ice Age: According to legend, Pine pushed slightly ahead of Ice sheet. Climate was milder then imagined. Boreal forest rode high upon ice sheet thus insulating temperature extremes. Understory plants were first to leave causing Menominees to move or adapt Boreal trees and plants as medicine. White Pine able to migrate as opposed to Red Pine which almost vanished as a species. Red Pine medicine not as strong as it used to be. White Pine valued like no other plant because of strength and it stayed with us despite approaching ice.
Reproduction: Sexually by seed. Great cone year every four years as of recent time. Previous was every eight years. Seed dispersal by wind. Mice also spread seed. Pollen bearing flowers at base of new growth. Cones take two years to mature. Trees shed pollen in May, fertilize 1 year later. Cones mature and drop seed in September. Seeds germinate in spring. Growth period ends in June in order to start storing nutrients for the upcoming winter months.
Uses: General Salve, Heart, Sores, Ulcers, Boils, Infections, Poison Ivy