08/27/2025
One of the most common questions with solar is simply, "how does it work?"
Here is a quick breakdown, using this picture as a guide, of how a solar photovoltaic (PV) system generates power for a home:
1. Sunlight Hits the Solar Panels ☀️
The process begins with the PV Array, which is the collection of solar panels. These panels are made of photovoltaic cells that absorb sunlight (photons). When photons hit the cells, they knock electrons loose from their atoms. The movement of these freed electrons creates a direct current (DC) of electricity.
2. The Inverter Converts the Current
The electricity generated by the solar panels is in the form of direct current (DC). However, almost all household appliances and the utility grid use alternating current (AC). The inverter(s), a critical component of the system, takes the DC power and converts it into usable AC power.
3. Powering the Home 🏠
Once the electricity is converted to AC, it flows to your home's AC Power Distribution Panel (also known as the breaker box). From there, it is distributed throughout your home to power lights, appliances, and electronics.
4. Sending Excess Power to the Grid
If your solar panels are producing more electricity than your home is using, the excess power is sent back to the Utility Grid through your Electricity Meter. This process, often called "net metering," allows you to receive credits from your utility company for the energy you contribute to the grid. These credits can then be used to offset the cost of electricity you use from the grid at night or on cloudy days.
Keep in mind, storage can be added to this process before sending your energy to the grid as well.
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