Global Efficiency Intelligence

06/17/2026

New report: The Effect of a U.S. Border Carbon Adjustment on the Aluminum Industry and Trade
An Assessment of the Foreign Pollution Fee Act (FPFA) and the Clean Competition Act (CCA).

We are pleased to announce the publication of our new report. This report by Global Efficiency Intelligence examines two leading U.S. border carbon adjustment proposals and their potential implications for the aluminum industry, trade flows, government revenue, and GHG emissions.

Using detailed trade, production, and emissions data, we model the impacts of both policies on U.S. aluminum imports through 2030 and evaluate key policy design considerations. The analysis highlights important trade-offs between trade disruption, supply security, revenue generation, emissions reductions, and long-term policy coherence.

Among the key findings:
• The Foreign Pollution Fee Act (FPFA) would drive larger and more immediate changes in aluminum trade patterns but carries higher supply disruption risks.

• The Clean Competition Act (CCA) would produce more gradual market adjustments while providing dedicated funding for domestic and international decarbonization.

• Strategic reinvestment of border carbon revenues could significantly accelerate decarbonization of the aluminum industry in the U.S. (and globally).

• Transitioning U.S. aluminum smelters to 80% renewable electricity plus storage would require about $360 million per year ($1.8 billion over five years), delivering roughly 3.8 Mt CO₂ annual emissions reductions (~80%) at an abatement cost of $90–95/tCO₂. This funding need is modest relative to projected revenues under the FPFA and CCA.

The report also proposes a revenue distribution framework and identifies several policy design improvements that could strengthen future U.S. border carbon adjustment policies.

You can download the report from this link:

Members of both parties in the U.S. Congress have put forward several proposals for Border Carbon Adjustment (BCA) policies, also referred to as border carbon fees to address carbon leakage and protect the competitiveness of domestic energy-intensive industries. Aluminum is central to this debate. I...

06/08/2026

New Report: I'm pleased to share our new technical reference guide:

"A Process-Technology Fit Matrix and Decision Guide for Low-Carbon Heating in Textile Wet Processing and Finishing"

This is the first publicly available technical reference guide designed specifically to help textile manufacturers and apparel brands identify and evaluate electrification and low-carbon heating pathways across textile wet processing and finishing operations.

One of the biggest challenges facing the industry is determining which low-carbon heating technologies are suitable for different textile processes and facilities. The answer depends not only on temperature, but also on heat carrier requirements, process conditions, plant configuration, electricity availability, economics, and implementation constraints.

This technical reference guide developed by Global Efficiency Intelligence provides a practical framework to help navigate those decisions. It includes:

• A detailed process-technology fit matrix covering major textile wet processing and finishing operations

• Decision Tree 2.0 for plant-level technology selection

• Guidance on steam heat pumps, hot-water heat pumps, electric steam boilers, electric thermal oil boilers, direct process electrification, and sustainable biomass

• Key engineering considerations and hybrid system configurations

• Economic analysis covering lifetime cost, payback, and investment risk

The technical reference guide is intended for textile manufacturers, apparel brands, technology providers, consultants, engineers, NGOs, and policymakers working on textile industry decarbonization.

The publication is freely available here:New Report: I'm pleased to share our new technical reference guide:

"A Process-Technology Fit Matrix and Decision Guide for Low-Carbon Heating in Textile Wet Processing and Finishing"

To our knowledge, this is the first publicly available technical reference guide designed specifically to help textile manufacturers and apparel brands identify and evaluate electrification and low-carbon heating pathways across textile wet processing and finishing operations.

One of the biggest challenges facing the industry is determining which low-carbon heating technologies are suitable for different textile processes and facilities. The answer depends not only on temperature, but also on heat carrier requirements, process conditions, plant configuration, electricity availability, economics, and implementation constraints.

This technical reference guide developed by Global Efficiency Intelligence provides a practical framework to help navigate those decisions. It includes:

• A detailed process-technology fit matrix covering major textile wet processing and finishing operations

• Decision Tree 2.0 for plant-level technology selection

• Guidance on steam heat pumps, hot-water heat pumps, electric steam boilers, electric thermal oil boilers, direct process electrification, and sustainable biomass

• Key engineering considerations and hybrid system configurations

• Economic analysis covering lifetime cost, payback, and investment risk

The technical reference guide is intended for textile manufacturers, apparel brands, technology providers, consultants, engineers, NGOs, and policymakers working on textile industry decarbonization.

The publication is freely available here:

The textile and apparel industry currently accounts for roughly 2% of global anthropogenic greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions. A key challenge for the industry in lowering its carbon footprint is its heavy reliance on thermal energy, particularly process steam for production processes. Heat is closely l...

02/11/2026

New report: Net-Zero Roadmap for the ASEAN Steel Industry
Pathways for Vietnam, Indonesia, Malaysia, Thailand, Philippines, and Singapore

The ASEAN-6 steel sector is growing fast. Without a clear plan, emissions will rise for decades. This report by Global Efficiency Intelligence lays out country-specific pathways to 2060, covering technology choices, energy transitions, policy actions, and investment priorities.

The report includes:
• Current energy use and CO₂ emissions by country
• Four decarbonization scenarios through 2060
• The role of Energy Efficiency, EAF, DRI, green hydrogen, electrification, fuel switching, and CCUS
• Concrete action plans for governments, steel producers, and steel buyers

You can download the full report here:https://www.globalefficiencyintel.com/netzero-roadmap-for-the-asean-steel-industry

Thanks to the South East Asia Iron and Steel Institute (SEAISI) for the support and collaboration.