10/14/2026
Cleopatra wrote a letter in French.
So did Julius Caesar. So did Mary Magdalene. So did Judas. All of them — modern French.
A dealer named Denis Vrain-Lucas sold roughly 27,000 of these letters to Michel Chasles, one of France's top mathematicians and a member of the Académie des Sciences. Chasles paid between 140,000 and 150,000 francs. Over eight years, he never questioned the language.
In 1867, Chasles stood up at the Académie and published correspondence proving Pascal had discovered gravitation before Newton. A colleague pointed out that Newton, at the date on the letters, would have been about ten years old.
That was the thread that unraveled it.
When the court sent two experts to examine the collection, they found letters on paper carrying watermarks centuries newer than their supposed authors. Other texts had been copied from printed books from the 1760s.
Vrain-Lucas got two years. He knew one language and one trick, and it worked until someone checked the paper.
I wasn't involved in the Vrain-Lucas case. I missed 1870 by a little bit. But the lesson has outlived everyone in that courtroom. A forger can practice a hand for years. What he can't easily change is what the document is physically made of.
The paper gets a vote. The ink gets a vote. The handwriting gets a vote.
Chasles trusted the story. The paper told a different one.
Bart Baggett
HandwritingExpertUSA.com · bartbaggett.com