09/08/2026
Professional status was being defined through institutional structures. So a general sociological principle:
++ Competence and legitimacy are not identical.++
Someone can possess:
> high epistemic competence + low institutional legitimacy.
Conversely, someone can possess:
> high institutional legitimacy + comparatively different forms of competence.
This distinction is extremely important across academia, government and professional life.
It also explains why intellectual histories frequently misidentify who actually produced knowledge.
What is institutionally visible is not necessarily what is socially causally important (or meaningful)