16/09/2026
A pegmatite is not a single type of rock; it consists of several types arranged in zones.
The boundaries between these zones are crucial for determining the effectiveness of any sampling programme. Minrom was contracted by a pegmatite mining group to map and sample lithium and tantalum-niobium-tin (3T) occurrences across four claim areas in southern Zimbabwe.
We traversed the claims and the surrounding areas, recording lithological outcrops to establish how far the pegmatites extended laterally and whether they were zoned. Our findings confirmed they were. We identified mica-rich margins, an oxide transition zone, and a central barren core containing petalite, each with distinct compositions and grades. Hand samples revealed tantalum and niobium alongside the lithium-bearing minerals.
This zonation is what makes pegmatite exploration more challenging than it appears at first glance. The mineral grade is not uniformly distributed; instead, it exists in compositionally defined zones with sharp boundaries. A channel sample that crosses multiple zones may yield an average value that does not accurately reflect any individual zone. This illustrates the importance of mapping before drilling. You must understand what you are sampling before deciding where to sample.
We recommended a Phase 2 programme that includes 10 diamond drill holes to define zonation in three dimensions rather than on a flat plane, accompanied by metallurgical testwork. In lithium pegmatites, the host mineral influences the processing route, and petalite, spodumene, and lepidolite behave differently through the processing plant.
Ultimately, a drill hole is only as valuable as the question it is designed to answer.