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Animal Health And Management Consultancy, First class, Luanshya (2026)

01/06/2025

COMMON PIG DISEASES FARMERS MUST NEVER IGNORE

You can give your pigs the best feed, the cleanest pen, the right genetics. But if you don’t control disease, you’re building profit on a ticking time bomb.

Let’s not pretend:
Most farmers only notice something is wrong when pigs stop eating, start coughing, or lie down and never get up.

By then, it’s often too late.

If you’re serious about pig farming, these are the diseases you need to recognize, prevent, and act on fast.

Coccidiosis
This one attacks your piglets. It comes quietly, with diarrhea that doesn’t stop. You clean the pen, change feed, nothing works.
What they need is proper hygiene, early treatment, and a dry creep area. No piglet survives in a wet, dirty environment.

Erysipelas
One day your pig is fine. The next, it’s weak, red blotches appear, and de@th follows quickly.
Prevention is better, vaccinate. Don’t wait to start treatment when it’s already limping or stopped eating.

Mange
If your pigs are scratching nonstop, check for mange. The skin becomes thick, rough, and crusty around the ears and neck.
It's caused by mites. It's preventable. But most farmers ignore it until pigs lose condition and become unmarketable.

African Swine Fever (ASF)
No warning, no cure. A pig drops today, three more tomorrow. By the end of the week, the entire pen is gone.
ASF is not a joke. No vaccine, no treatment. If you don’t have tight biosecurity, you’re running your farm on borrowed time.

Respiratory Infections
Coughing, sneezing, fast breathing, those are not normal pig sounds.
Pneumonia can spread fast, especially in overcrowded, dusty pens. Proper ventilation is not luxury. It’s survival.

Worms
They eat, they don’t grow. They look dull. Their bellies swell, but there’s no weight gain.
That’s worms at work. Deworm regularly. Rotate your dewormers. Watch what they step on and what they eat.

To be honest:
Most of these diseases are preventable.
What kills pigs is not just the sickness, it’s late detection,

11/07/2022

INFORMATION BASED ON PERSONAL EXPERIENCE.

Things to consider when you're keeping goats/ farming.

1) Dipping: as a small scale farmer the best way to dip our animals, one need to look for a drum cut it on the end, add 200 liters of water use Ecotranz dip with correct drug measurements. Baptize each goat in the drum, the remaining dip-water can be used the following week!.

3. Deworming: Every after 3 months (90 days) our goats need to be dewormed, the best dewormer so far is NILZANGOLD with correct measurements of course, and one need to change the dewormer regularly. The best ones are liquid dewormers. Make sure goats are given before grazing. Proper handling of goats during the operation.

3. Avoid in-breeding: It's better to have a budget of buying a He goat every after one year from elsewhere, because in-breeding can disturb the genetic formulations, it can also cause deseases. Remember to choose the best breed because farming is business.

4. Grazing time : alot of people believe that goats just need about 3 hours of grazing. Instead they need enough time for grazing, if possible let them spend the whole day in bush!

5. House: the goat house need to be lifted, well constructed with proper vertilation, then goats won't be sleeping on thier droppings and urine.

The above points have helped me to grow the number, without experiencing any desaese or death record.

29/05/2022

Tips on Goat Farming Business

Goat farming business is highly profitable. with some guidance and patience anyone will sure make a living from it. the market for goat is high and will continue to increase. yet many young folks are not looking into this direction. whether you desire to go into goat farming or simply rearing for personal purposes, we are willing to provide guidance.
Or if you simply want to go into buying and selling of goats, which is very lucrative!

Decide what type of goat business you want to do

Goat business is a diversified business. Goats produce diary and meat, aside the excreta and hair.
Goats can also be breed to sell. As a business owner explore these different aspects of the business and make money. Decide on which areas you want to focus your attention on.

Identify the purpose of your goat farming business. These are no hard things and anyone can do it with a bit of commitment and guidance.

Do one need big money to start goat Business? no as you will discover later on.

Can one even start with zero budget ? yes.

Can one start small ? yes as you will discover later on.

What about feeding issue any ways around this without big budget? yes.

Shelter and security? yes serious issues but there are ways around them.

Need for training ? yes formal or informal ,

On the job or otherwise
Risk ? yes. moderate to high but can be mitigated.

Profitable ? sure, profitable with ready market year round without religious, cultural or medical limitations

RAW BASICS!

1. decide your area of interest. I suggest you settle for goat meat production including live goats.

2. decide that you will run it as a business. give a name to it: e.g Dr Fami Goat company ltd, after you have enough fund you may register it later. but have record books .treat it as full fledge business entity even if you are doing it part time.

3. you can do it full time or part time but you need to schedule your time to see the goat daily. don't delegate yet. start part time. later employ attendants.

4. start small to gain experience at least for few months. do it at this stage alone. start with 10 goats of mixed breeds but don't worry too much about breeds at this stage. if you start with 50 goats chances are high that you will fail or be discouraged except you hire experienced hands which will increase your budget.

4. secure a space for your goat.

do you really need a large space for goats ? do you need grazing pasture ? is the extensive system of goat management still profitable for commercial goat business ? what is the current trend that is profitable in the long term ?

I will tell you. you don't need this kind of space people talk about. they are "old school" and rustic stuffs. from experience, culture, research and the science of goat you don't.

4. secure a space for your goat.

the popular belief is the that goats can be economically maintained ONLY under semi-intensive and extensive systems with a provision of grazing. however contrary to this , goats can be and has been raised successfully under intensive system of management both here in africa and elsewhere. in fact most commercial goat farms in India are under extensive system.

so non access to grazing resources and large expanse of Land should not discourage intending commercial goat farmers. the question therefore is this: how do you handle the issue of feeding without access to free large expanse of grasses?

You can consider

👉 hydroponic fodder growing
👉you can start fodder beds around your home
👉make sure to understand goat feeding so you can use alternative supplement feeding!
✍🏻just note that you can raise goats for profit without large expanse of land . in fact it is more profitable

question comes: are you saying that my large backyard is still OK for 10 goats? yes if you can secure them properly with good ventilation and protection from rain and adverse weather conditions. in fact there are several reasons why you need to start from your backyard or nearby space.

don't go buy big farmland yet until you grow big after starting from your back yard or nearby space.

so you have no reason not to go into goat farming. so your next assignment is to go prepare your backyard or lease your neighbours backyard. construct open sheds backing the wall of your fence. that is where to keep the goats.

✍🏻Shelter
Goats need to be confined at night for a number of reasons:

👉To provide shelter from bad weather
👉To prevent the theft
👉To prevent predation.

✍🏻If animals are good but are not provided with a shelter they will be exposed to the weather and will not be able to choose a place that is more protected from rain or wind. For this reason, it is important that the owner provides the necessary shelter and protection.

✍🏻In building such a structure it is important to consider the following aspects:

👉A roof to protect from rain
👉Walls/sides to protect from wind
👉Drainage or cement floor to prevent the ground from being too muddy after rain
👉Provision of raised areas (preferably slatted to allow droppings to fall through) where goats can escape from wet, muddy conditions
👉It is also important that it is possible to clean the farm in order to prevent the build up of disease-causing bacteria and parasites in the dung and dust.

STOCKING IN GOAT BUSINESS

Dont start your goat business with one goat. Plan on getting at least two goats. Normally if you have enough fund get ten goats. Goats are social animals, and are more likely to be uncooperative or try to escape if kept alone. Always keep at least
two goats in each enclosure.

👉Dont keep uncastrated males (bucks) with females (does) in same enclosure all the time except for planned breeding purpose.

👉Decide how many male and female goats to purchase.

✍🏻There are three
main types of goats divided by s*x:

👉females, called does;

👉uncastrated males,called bucks;

👉castrated males, called wethers.

Does need to be impregnated by a buck before they produce milk and kids, but raising a buck can require a lot of extra work.

Bucks require a separate enclosure, may develop a strong odor, and are often aggressive.

For the easiest way to start your goat farm, buy two does, and pay another goat farm for the opportunity to breed your does with its buck.

wethers are not able to breed or produce milk. Many goat farms end up with wethers when their goats give birth to extra males.

so you should consider castrating the extra males and keep just one male for between 25 and 50 females.

If you do purchase a buck, consider one with the ideal traits in goats without any defect so as not to introduce defects into your herd .

👉It is a wise management decision to choose a buck to breed selected does and run only that buck with the females.

Different goat breeds
✍🏻Goat breeds can be divided into three categories:

1. Indigenous breeds which have been naturally selected for adaptability to harsh environments and which are generally used for meat production, but are also important for cultural purposes.

2. Meat breeds which have been specifically bred for meat producing characteristics. Such breeds available in Africa include Boer Goats, Savanna Goats and Kalahari Red Goats. It is generally accepted that they are more susceptible to disease than non-improved goats.

3. Dairy breeds which are all imported breeds and include mainly Saanen goats and Toggenburg goats. These are breeds that have been selected for milk production and are used for the production of milk and processed milk products such as cheese and yoghurt. It is generally accepted that these breeds are very susceptible to diseases and parasites.

General and Basic information for indigenous goats!!

👉Length of gestation period (pregnancy) 150 days (approximately 5 months)

👉Birth weight 2.5 kg
👉Weaning weight (weight when kid stops suckling) 12-15 kg
👉Mature mass of female 35-40 kg
👉Mature mass of rams 45-50 kg
👉Breeding age for young ewes 9 months
👉Main kidding seasons (April–June) or (September–December)
👉Ram/ewe ratio 1 ram to 20 ewes (5 rams for every 100 ewes)
👉Lifespan (10-12 years).

Goats can be kept healthy by:

👉Ensuring that they have access to enough feed of the correct quality
👉Ensuring they have access to clean water
👉Following a vaccination programme against common diseases
👉Keeping internal and external parasites under control
👉Keeping sick goats separate so that disease does not spread to healthy goats
👉Making sure that any goats introduced to the flock are disease-free
👉Sheltering goats from adverse weather. If a goat does get sick it needs to be treated. More importantly, it is essential to keep a record of goats that you treat because if a particular animal gets sick often, it should be culled as it is a weak individual and is not only costing you money but is also passing on its genes to the next generation.

How do I know if my goat is sick?
If the goat is sick:

👉It will appear dull and listless
👉It may have obvious symptoms of sickness such as coughing or diarrhoea
👉It may not follow the rest of the flock when they go out to feed
👉It may have an abnormal temperature – either too high or too low.

✍🏻Key equipment The goat farmer should have access to:

- Cooler box
- Goat book
- Animal Health Book
- Burdizzo
- Ear tag applicator
- Hoof trimmers
- Tattoo applicator, ink and alphabet
- Knapsack sprayer
- Scale or weight belt
- Mask
- Gloves
- Blades
- Digital thermometer
- Antiseptic handwash
- Gauze swabs.

✍🏻Consumable medicines and equipment. The goat farmer should have on hand:

Disposable syringes (5cc, 10cc)

Large syringe for drenching/dosing (60cc)

Non disposable syringe

Needles (20 gauge or 22 gauge but preferably 5/8 or 1 inch length)

Antibiotic eye powder

Antibiotic powder (such as Terramycin powder)

Broad spectrum dewormer for wireworms, tapeworms and flukes, (e.e Prodose Orange and Eradiworm )

Dip – a conventional one to be mixed with water (such as Tactic)

Wound spray with fly repellent

Coopers Wound oil

Tick grease

Long acting antibiotic (such as Terramycin LA)

Short acting antibiotic (such as oxytetracycline 120)

Sulphur based antibiotic (such as Disulphox) for treating coccidiosis

Injectable solution for mange, lice (such as Ivermectin)

Iodine spray

Iodine drops (for newborn kids)

Copper Sulphate (for foot baths)

Vitamins (such as Multivite).

✍🏻Record keeping Part To be able to manage your goats, you need some basic system of record keeping. Your system should be able to give you the following information:

The exact number of goats that you have (broken down into different age categories)

The dates when your ewes give birth and the number of kids born

The number of goats that die (and the age when they die and cause of death)

The exact goats that have been treated (for what and with what)

Who the mother of any particular kid is

When a particular ram was brought into the herd

The age of any particular goat (the year it was born)

The number of goats sold, time when they were sold and prices obtained.

Keep following Dr Fami

19/03/2020

POULTRY FLOCK OWNER CHECKLIST

Before the birds arrive:

- Draft free coop or housing, cleaned and disinfected
- Brooder stove or heat lamp (red bulb type, if needed) set to 95oF for
first week.
- Dry litter, (pine shavings preferred), 3-4 inches on a clean floor.
- Roosts (use clean tree branches) 2-6” above ground for broilers
- Feeders and Waterers cleaned and disinfected
- Fresh Feed, appropriate for age and type of bird

When the birds arrive:

- Check for symptoms such as coughing, sneezing, watery eyes, laboured
breathing, diarrhoea, or pasty butt. Check for external parasites
- Provide water for the first couple of hours, then add the feed.
-Check waters, feeders, heat source, eliminate drafts, etc.
- Wild bird and rodent proof coop, set bait stations, traps, etc., as needed.
- Biosecurity - foot dips, clean shoes or boots, limit visitors and traffic, set up a quarantine area.

25/10/2019

*Vaccination Chart*

*Day 7*= water= Ma5+ clone 30 = Nobilis
*Day 12* = water = Ibd= Gumboro
*Day 18*= water = IBD= Gumboro78= Nobilis
*Day24*= water= Gumboro 78
*4 weeks*=Fowl pox= wing stab= avipro= Avipro
Water= Ma5+ clone 30
*5weeks*= ILT= Nosedrop= ILT= Avipro
*6 weeks*= MG= Neck (subcut)=Avipro 104=Avipro
*7weeks*= Coryza=left breast=corvac4
*10 weeks* deworm= water
*11 weeks*=ILT=Nosdrop=ILT
*11 weeks* AEP+ Pox = wingstab=AEP+Pox
*13 weeks*= Coryza =left breast=Corvac4
*14 weeks*= MG = neck (subcut) Avipro 104
*16 weeks* ND Lasota= water = Lasota
*18 weeks*= ND/IB killed = right breast =Talovac 201
*Quick Poultry Medicine Guide*

1⃣ Flue-like symptoms(kuti kororo kororo) and/ swollen heads:
use any of these; Respimint, Coloxan, Doxin, Interflox or Coliflox

2⃣Sick birds with red/blood droppings(coccidiosis) :
*for these use Sulphur drugs* like Sulfacox, Esb3 and Bremamed.

3⃣ Sick birds with watery, greenish or whitish dropping.
:Coloxan, Doxin, Interflox, Coliflox, Sulfacox, Esb3 and Bremamed.

4⃣ Fowl pox, kuvhara maziso, sores and blisters:
use Aliseryl, Nemovit, Sulfacox, Esb3.
N.b. Also control biting insects which spread the disease

5⃣ General sickness, inactive birds that seem cold, drooping wings *but having normal droppings*
:Aliseryl, Nemovit, Terranox, Tylocip

6⃣ Worms in bird droppings or intestines:
Piperin

7⃣ Growth suppliments (boosters)
: Aminogrow, introchick, broiler vitaboost

8⃣ Egg production suppliments (egg booster):
Breeder vitaboost, Nemovit, introchick, aminogrow

9⃣ Heat stress:
Betasol-c

🔟 Huge liver, water in belly of dead birds , ascites (just a remedy but not cure):
Bedgen-40, introchick.

29/07/2019

Good news good news to farmers on the coperbelt..Notice to farmers on the coperbelt..Am on the coperbelt attending to farmers that need the following services...
1,Assembly or installing of battery cages.
2,Layer vaccination
3,debeaking
4,culling
5,best management practices on layers,broilers,pigs,cattle,goats.

22/06/2019

WHAT ARE THE REASONS WHY WE NEVER SUCCEED IN FARMING?
By Okuta Ngura.

1. We are blind to the market needs.
In my years of practise I have come across farmers who venture into farming just because they heard poultry farming, fish farming or pig farming is profitable.They get into the internet read about it and the next day they are doing it.They haven't even done a thorough research in the local market.You have to know your target market.
What do they really want?
broilers?
cockerels?
eggs?
Are they buying only in festive seasons or through out?
Who are your competitors?
Understand the market dynamics and the forces of demand and supply. As an entrepreneur start with the end in mind. Don't do poultry if you haven't done market research you will fail miserably.

2. Not taking it serious.
I have met farmers in Kenya who are doing business for the sake of it. Understand that poultry farming is not all about selling eggs and meat. Be an entrepreneur or else you will end up being another "me-too".
Remember the quail fiasco?
How many of you for example keep good records or even know how many birds they have?
Number of mortalities?
Invest in a good book read widely.You have to understand things like marketing, branding and cashflow management.You are responsible for your success or failure.

3. Lack of vision
Look around you and you will see big poultry farms in Kenya and beyond. Do you think those poultry farms started overnight? They had a vision.They started with the end in mind.I always advise farmers to start small but that does not mean you stay down there forever. Their excuse is usually "I don't have the money to expand". You can't continue being small farmer when others are reaping millions. Have a vision and climb your way up. Africa must not continually depend on imported products. We are a sleeping giant. Have a small farmer mentality and you will remain that way forever. Kenyans and African farmers must arise or be doomed.

15/01/2019

CAUSES OF EARLY CHICK MORTALITY (DEATH)
DAY 1
It is the desire of every farmer to achieve a 100% survival of chicks during brooding period (from zero day to 10-14 days). Losses will, however, almost always occur especially during this early days of chick's life.
Usually, a mortality of 1-5% may be considered normal, but anything above 5% is abnormal and requires immediate identification of the cause(s) and immediate interventions to stop further losses. Indeed some of the causes can actually wipe out the entire flock.
There are many causes of early chick mortality, some important causes are as follows;
1. Genetic and hatchery causes.
2. Managemental causes.
3. Nutritional causes.
4. Disease causes.
1. Genetic and hatchery Factors
There are many lethal gene mutations in birds, most of which cause death during the incubation period. A few, such as congenital loco and congenital tremors will cause death of chicks within a week of hatching.
Sticky embryos die during the last 4 days of incubation and about half of the Naked chicks die during 2 or 3 days before hatching time, congenital loco is lethal within a week after hatching and congenital tremor kills 90% of the affected chicks within a month.
To prevent this, farmers are advised to purchase day old chicks from reputable firms who select against such genes.
Hatcheries can have a tremendous impact on the success of poultry rearing.
Characteristics of a good quality chick:
• Well-dried, long-fluffed down.
• Bright round active eyes.
• Look active and alert.
• Have completely healed navels.
• Legs should be bright and waxy to the touch.
• Free of red hocks.
• Chicks should be free from deformities (i.e. crooked legs, twisted necks and cross beaks).
It is therefore, important for a farmer to inspect chicks and detect any deviation from the above before purchasing. Any abnormalities in a chicks will have a significant negative impact and the probability of a chick dying

Animal Health And Management Consultancy

01/06/2025

11/07/2022

29/05/2022

19/03/2020

25/10/2019

29/07/2019

22/06/2019

15/01/2019

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